Kidney Anatomy
This is the position of the kidney in relation to the peritoneum
Retroperitoneal (posterior to the peritoneum)
2 principal parts of the nephron
Renal corpuscle and Renal tubule
Volume of urine when a feeling of fullness is felt
500mL
3 processes of urine production
Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion
Part/s of the brain that control voluntary micturition
Pons and Cerebrum
Which kidney has a lower position than the other?
Right kidney -- why?
Blood in the afferent arteriole comes from ________
Renal artery
Muscle that makes up bladder walls
Detrusor muscle
Not filtered out by the glomerulus
Proteins, Blood cells
Neurons that act on the bladder muscle to cause involuntary contraction of the urinary bladder.
Parasympathetic neurons from the spinal cord (sacral region)
Structures that pass through the renal hilum
Renal artery, renal vein, renal pelvis
Lining epithelium of the glomerular capsule
Simple squamous epithelium
Structure that connects the ureter and the urinary bladder
Ureteral opening
Substances reabsorbed by the renal tubules
Glucose, amino acids, salts, water
Target area of somatic motor nerves from the spinal cord to cause voluntary contraction of urinary bladder
External urethral sphincter
Trace the passage of urine from the renal medulla
Minor calyx -> Major calyx -> Renal pelvis -> Ureter -> Urinary bladder -> Urethra
This tubule is found in the renal medulla
Loop of Henle
Length of the female urethra
3-4 cm
Normal pH of urine
6.0-8.0 (alkaline) -- why?
What events happen in the micturition reflex arc if a person chooses to hold his urine?
Pons sends inhibitory signals to external urethral sphincter --> prevention of EUS relaxation
The renal veins are connected to the ______________
Inferior Vena Cava -- what is carried by this blood vessel?
These comprise the juxtaglomerular apparatus
Juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa
Longest section of the male urethra
Penile urethra -- where is this located?
Explain the RAAS and its effect in blood pressure
Stimulus: Low BP
Kidney secretes renin -> Renin converts angiotensinogen (liver) to angiotensin I -> ACE (lungs) converts ang I to ang II -> ang II stimulates adrenal cortex -> adrenal cortex releases aldosterone -> aldosterone absorbs Na+ -> H2O follows Na+ -> Increased BP
In the micturition reflex arc, what events result to involuntary contraction of the internal urethral sphincter?
Stretch receptors send signals to spinal cord
Parasympathetic nerves from spinal cord act on detrusor muscle (contraction) and internal urethral urethral sphincter (relaxation)