Anatomy & Landmarks
The layer of tissue surrounding the kidneys to stabilize their position and provide a cushion against injury is made of this
Fat (adipose)
The movement of substances from the blood into the tubules (after the initial filtration)
Secretion
This limb of the nephron loop is highly permeable to water, making the filtrate more concentrated.
descending limb
The presence of glucose in a patient's urine is often an indicator of this condition
diabetes
This is the correct sequence of urine flow: Nephron to Collecting duct to Minor/Major Calyx to Renal Pelvis to what ?
What is the ureter?
This term describes the kidneys' position "behind" the peritoneum, which leaves them more exposed to injury
retroperitoneal
This is the primary process by which water is reabsorbed back into the blood from the renal tubules
osmosis
If a patient has trouble controlling the timing of urination, they are suffering from this
incontinence
Aldosteroneis is the "salt-reclaimer," causing potassium secretion and reabsorption of more of this
Sodium
After leaving the nephron, many nephrons empty their contents into this single tube
collecting duct
These tubes use peristalsis to move urine from the kidneys to the bladder
What are the ureters
This "ball of capillaries" acts as the filter in the renal corpuscle.
Glomerulus
As filtrate moves through the ascending limb, this solute is actively moved out into the medulla
Sodium chloride
The presence of bile pigments in the urine may indicate a problem with this organ
liver
This funnel-shaped tube in the kidney is the final collection point before urine enters the ureter
renal pelvis
This specific type of nephron has an extra-long loop that allows for the production of highly concentrated urine
juxtamedullary nephron
Nitrogenous wastes in the urine come specifically from the breakdown of these two substances
proteins and nucleic acids
The filtrate is at its most concentrated at this specific point of the nephron loop
bottom (bend) of the loop
These "renal calculi" can cause excruciating flank pain if they get stuck in the ureters
kidney stone
This is the correct sequence of urine flow: Nephron -> Collecting duct -> Minor/Major Calyx -> Renal Pelvis -> ?
ureter
These two structures make up the renal corpuscle, where filtration begins
glomerulus and Bowman’s (glomerular) capsule
The cells in this part of the nephron contain many mitochondria because they perform a great deal of active transport.
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
This process, which occurs in the glomerulus, is described as "passive" and moves substances into the capsule
glomerular filtration
This type of cancer is three times more common in men and is linked to environmental toxins like smoking.
bladder cancer
Unlike the ureter which carries urine to the bladder, this structure carries it out of the body
urethra