URINARY I
Vascular layer of the kidney that serves the nephrons?
What is the renal cortex.
What is Calcitriol
This pressure favors filtration
What is HPg
Substances that move from the bloodstream to 'outside' the body are said to be: (what is the term)
What is secreted/secretion
Vertebral levels of the left kidney are:
What is T12-L2
Dilation or constriction of what vessel can alter GFR?
What is afferent arteriole
Kidneys secrete this hormone in response to low blood oxygen levels (hypoxia)
What is erythropoietin
Ions, water, glucose, and amino acids are some of he the substances reabsorbed into the bloodstream at the PCT. What are the the blood vessels at the PCT called?
What are peritubular capillaries
The jg (or granular) cells release Renin when what kind of cells detect low blood volume or solute concentration
What are macula densa cells
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) helps to regulate the volume and osmolarity of fluids by increasing urinary excretion of water and what ions?
What is Na and Cl
This layer of the kidney helps shape kidney and prevent pathogen penetration
What is fibrous capsule
List the four external layers of the kidneys from most external to most internal/next to kidney
What are
Paranephric fat
Renal fascia
Perinephric fat
Fibrous capsule
65% of water, Na, K, Cl-, HCO3-, glucose and amino acids, and some other substances and vitamins, are absorbed in which part of the nephron?
What is the PCT
What is Aldosterone
The smooth muscle of the urinary bladder is what muscle?
What is the detrusor muscle
This layer helps anchor the kidney to the surrounding structres.
What is renal fascia
Does sympathetic or parasympathetic stimulation cause vasoconstriction of the renal blood vessels
What is sympathetic
These pressure oppose filtration
What is HPc (capsular hydrostatic pressure)
and OPg (colloid osmotic pressure)
Secretion of aldosterone and glomerular hydrostatic pressure will increase or decrease GFR?
What is increase
This muscular-lined hollow structure contracts via peristalsis to propel urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder
What is the ureter
Vasa recta are capillaries around which portion of the nephron?
What is nephron loop.
This pressure drives materials from the blood/glomerular capillaries into the capsular space through filtration.
What is glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
Name substances secreted at the collecting duct
What is hydrogen, ammonia, meds, antibiotics
The lungs release what in response to low sodium concentrations or low blood volume?
What is ACE
The net filtration pressure is determined by which equation?
What is HPg - (OPg + HPc) = NFP