Urinary System overview
Which kidney receives more protection from the ribs?
Left kidney
In which part of the kidney does blood filtration occur?
In the nephron, in the renal cortex and renal medulla
What is the arteriole that enters the nephron?
Afferent arteriole
What are the 3 meningeal layers from superficial to deep?
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
What vein does the maxillary vein drain into?
external jugular vein
What is the first sphincter urine must pass through?
internal urethral sphincter
What is the renal hilum?
The medial side of the kidney where the artery, vein, and ureter enter/exit
How many nephrons are in each kidney?
About 2.5 million
Where does fluid from the third ventricle go through?
cerebral aqueduct
What two arteries does the right brachial artery split into?
right radial artery, right ulnar artery
What is the gland on top of the kidneys?
Adrenal gland
What is the renal papilla?
The point of the renal pyramids
When filtrate leaves the glomerular capsule, what does it pass through?
Proximal convoluted tubule
What 3 nerves form the "M" of the brachial plexus?
musculotaneous, median, ulnar
What is the thin epithelial cell layer that lines the cavities of the heart?
endocardium
Are men or women more prone to bladder/urinary infections? Why?
Women - they have a shorter urethra so bacteria has a shorter distance to go to enter the bladder
Once urine passes through the major calyx, where does it go next?
renal pelvis
Most contents of the blood will be dumped into the glomerular capsule except what?
red blood cells, large proteins, and some water
Which type of glial cell in the central nervous system destroy bacteria and viruses?
microglial cells
When blood leaves the hemiazygos vein, what are the next two veins it drains into?
azygos, superior vena cava
What is the smooth muscle in the bladder called that contracts to push out urine?
detrusor muscle
Not including ribs, what are the two main layers of protection around the kidneys?
fibrous capsule and perirenal fat
What is the purpose of the peritubular capillary network that surrounds the nephron?
To pick up parts of the blood we want to keep that has been filtered for passing oxygen and nutrients to the kidney for its function
When a motor neuron exits the anterior aspect of the spinal cord, where does the signal pass through next?
anterior (ventral) rootlets
What are the muscles on the ventricle wall that pull on the atrioventricular valves?
trabeculae carneae