KIDNEYS
Low blood volume &/or low BP causes the juxtaglomerular cells to secrete what?
Renin
Aging kidney TRUE or FALSE
Any stress on the body can quickly lead to kidney failure.
True
Due to margin of safety being reduced, any stress on the remaining functional nephrons, such as infection, decreased blood flow can cause symptoms of kidneys failure.
Renal corpuscle - glomerular, glomerulus
functions are?
filter the blood
&
begins urine production
This fluid is largest volume of body fluid.
Where is it located?
Intracellular
In the cells
p.601
What does the PN assess for when assesing hydration?
SKIN TURGOR
ANH increases or decreases what to urine volume, while increasing or decreasing blood volume?
Increase urine volume while decreasing blood volume.
ANH is a salt and water losing hormone!
p.580
Aging kidney TRUE OR FALSE
Medication dosages may need to be reduced based on renal function.
TRUE
Minimum hourly urine output that is considered adequate is?
30 mL/hr
Fluid that surrounds the cells is called what?
Interstitial
Normal Na
Normal K
Normal pH
Na - 135-145
K - 3.5-5.0
pH - 7.35 - 7.45
What substance changes angiotensinogen in plasma to angiotensin I?
renin
Aging kidney TRUE OR FALSE
Medications are excreted quickly and effectively in older adults.
FALSE
Most of water filtered out of the blood is reabsorbed by what part of the nephron?
a. glomerulus
b. distal convoluted tubule
c. loop of henle
d. proximal convoluted tubule
d. proximal convoluted tubule
p.578
ECF CONSIST MAINLY OF THE LIQUID PART OF BLOOD CALLED WHAT?
PLASMA
True or False
EDEMA is caused by:
a. Decreased ADH
b. Decreased plasma proteins
c. Increased capillary pressure
d. Decreased aldosterone secretion
e. Increased sodium retention
a. Decreased ADH - F
b. Decreased plasma proteins - T
c. Increased capillary pressure - T
d. Decreased aldosterone secretion - F
e. Increased sodium retention - T
Complete these sentences:
1. Kidneys are vital ______.
2. The function they perform of ________ _____ is essential for ___________ and maintaining ____.
1. vital organs
2. forming urine
homeostasis
life
Aging kidney TRUE OR FALSE
Loss of functional nephrons begins after the age of 85.
FALSE
Adults older than 35 years of age gradually lse functional nephron units.
Normal Characteristics of Urine:
TRUE or FALSE
1. WBC
2. Protein
3. Creatinine
4. Urea
5. RBC
1. WBC - F
2. Protein - F
3. Creatinine - T
4. Urea - T
5. RBC - F
Of the hundreds of compounds in our body, the most abundant is what?
WATER
Which fluid in what compartment is the least stable?
a. Intracellular
b. Trancellular
c. Interstitial
d. Plasma
c. Interstitial
The Interstitial space is designed to fluctuate as it handles the continuous exchange of waste, water, an nutrients. It acts as a constant buffer zone between blood and cells. The other compartments are tightly controlled for stability.
A salty (hyperosmotic) renal medulla:
a. causes the renal tubules to reabsorb potassium
b. allows antidiuretic hormone to concentrate urine
c. causes the renal tubules to secrete more sodium
d. allows aldosterone to save sodium and water.
b. allows antidiuretic hormone to concentrate urine
p.580
Aging kidney TRUE OR FALSE
Kidney weight remains the same throughout life.
FALSE
Kidney weight decreases.
NEPHRONS form urine by combination of 3 processes, list them and which one is first?
Filtration (1st)
Reabsorption
Secretion
How does the body balance plasma, interstitial and intracellular fluid volumes?
Regulating fluid I & O AND shifting fluids between compartments.
What holds water in the blood and when needed pulls water into the blood from the interstitial fluid?
a. albumin
b. urea
c. creatinine
d. nitrogen
a. albumin