Anatomy of Kidney
what is the outermost covering of the kidney?
Capsule
functional unit of kidney is?
nephron
countercurrent mechanism happens in which part of nephron?
nephron loop
where does the Renin-angiotensin mechanism happens in a nephron?
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Composition of Urine
95%- water
Other 5%- Urea, Uric acid, Trace amino acids, Electrolytes
Urine is made up in?
medullary pyramids
what covers the glomerulus?
Glomerular capsule
which part of nephron is not permeable to water?
thick portion of the ascending loop
what is the precursors of angiotensin II?
Angiotensinogen and Angiotensin I
from where is the regulation of GFR happens?
Vasomotor center in medulla oblongata
what connects a single medullary pyramids with the major calyces?
minor calyces
which artery comes up to the glomerulus and which leaves the glomerulus?
Afferent renal arteriole and efferent renal arteriole
which part of nephron does tubular absorption occurs?
PCT and DCT
Where is the conversion of Angiotensin I from Angiotensinogen happens?
Blood
3 steps of urine formation
Glomerular Filtration, Tubular secretion, and tubular reabsorption
major calyces leads up to?
Hilum
what is vasa recta?
capillaries surrounding the loop of Henle/ nephron loop
what ensures the NaCl stays in medulla?
Vasa recta
From where is aldosterone secreted?
Adrenal cortex
regulation of urine concentration happens by what?
ADH and countercurrent mechanism
the ureter starts from the _________
Renal Pelvis
pathway of nepron
glomerulus, glomerular capsule, PCT, nephron loop, DCT, collecting duct
how is the concentration of the fluid at the base of the loop?
the most concentrated.
Which organs does Angiotensin II affects?
Hypothalamus, Posterior Pituitary Gland, Adrenal cortex, Anterior arteries, Systemic Circulation
what is renal clearance?
rate at which a chemical is removed from the plasma.