Urinary System Anatomy
What is the functional unit of the kidneys that filters blood and forms urine?
nephron
Which structure holds urine until it can be eliminated from the body?
Bladder
What is the term for the "ball" of capillaries where filtration of the blood occurs within the nephron?
glomerulus
what hormone aids in the reabsorption of Ca2+ (calcium) and where does this reabsorption occur?
parathyroid hormone (PTH) and distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
what is neuropraxia also known as?
what is compression or entrapment injuries
What structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
ureters
Which structure transports urine from the bladder to the outside environment?
urethra
What is the process by which the blood capillaries around the nephron push unneeded substances out of the bloodstream and into the convoluted tubule of the nephron?
what type of nephron is the most common
what is the cortical nephron
complete radial nerve lesion is called what?
what is wrist drop
What is the term for the notched area of the kidney where blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels enter and exit the kidney?
hillum
What are the 2 components of a renal corpuscle?
what is the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule (Bowmans capsule)
What is the process by which the capillaries around the nephron pull back substances needed in the body from the filtrate of the convoluted tubule?
Reabsorption
what ion that diffuses in the pct sets up the electrochemical gradient for +ions to diffuse
cl- (chloride ions)
complete ulnar nerve lesion is called what?
what is claw hand
Urine is drained away from the nephron by the _______.
collecting tubules (ducts)
Which section of the kidney contains the majority of the collecting ducts?
medulla
name the possible absorption routes
what is paracellular (between cells) and transcellular (through individual cells)
increased levels of ADH indicates what
dehydration
complete medial nerve lesion is called what?
what is ape hand or oath hand
Which section of the kidney contains most of the nephrons?
cortex
3 mechanisms that helps filtration?
what is the large capillary surface, thin filtration membrane, and high glomerular blood pressure
Name at least 3 functions of the kidneys.
Maintain Homeostasis by removing excess water, nutrients & wastes from the body
Maintain the body's acid/base balance (pH)
Production of the hormones, erythropoietin & renin
Convert Vitamin D to its active form
order of blood flow of the kidneys
what is renal artery, segmental, interlobar, arcuate, interlobular, afferent, glomerular capillaries, efferent
what causes thoracic outlet syndrome?
what is internal (bony callus, cervical rib) or external compression (crutches), poor posture, prolonged poor positioning, systemic immune or metabolic disorders, trauma, joint subluxation (c-spine), pregnancy