A&P Urinary
The urinary system's function is to...
filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product.
Why is Urinalysis (UA) performed?
UA is done to diagnose disease, monitor disease progression, and as an indicator of overall animal health
If the dipstick is positive for glucose, the animal most likely has what?
Diabetes
Are dogs or cats more likely to have problems with their lower urinary tracts?
cats
Define renal cortex and renal medulla
renal cortex- the outer portion of the kidney
renal medulla- the inner portion of the kidney
What is the function or the ureter?
carry urine to the urinary bladder
What does the refractometer measure?
Specific Gravity (concentration of the urine)
If a dipstick is positive for leukocytes and nitrate the animal likely has...
a UTI
What 2 species has naturally cloudy urine?
Horse and Rabbit
Define polyuria
excessive urination
Functioning unit of the kidney
Nephron
What are the 4 collection methods for a urine sample
Free Catch
Cystocenesis
Catheter
Manual Expression
Acute kidney failure can be caused by...
Toxins or trauma
Antifreeze
Raisins/ grapes
Human drugs (Tylenol)
In which species is darker orange to reddish-brown, color urine normal?
rabbit
Define Micturition
the action of urinating
Where are the kidney's located?
behind the lining of the abdominal cavity, or retroperitoneally protected by pads of fat
What are the 3 parts of a urinalysis?
Macroscopic exam
Chemical exam
Microscopic exam
Which of the following specific gravity measures indicates the most dilute urine sample?
1.012, 1.040, 1.030, 1.002
1.002
Which of the following species has kidneys with a very lobulated appearance?
Cow
Define UTI
urinary track infection
Order the following structures for the correct path that filtrate takes through the nephron: Loop of Henle, collecting duct, glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, Bowman's capsule, distal convoluted tubule
glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
During the microscopic examination of urine the technician evaluates the sediment portion of the sample. In order to do this, the sample must be spun down with...
a centrifuge
What is chronic kidney disease?
is a condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time
Which species has a heart shaped kidney?
Horse
Define urolith
is a general term referring to stones located anywhere within the urinary tract