Urinalysis - General
What are the 3 parts of a urinalysis?
Refractometer
Dipstick
Microscopic Exam
How long after placing sample on a dipstick do you wait before reading the colors?
60 seconds
Functioning unit of the kidney
Nephron
True or False: Some species do not have a renal pelvis
True!
Define Flocculent
loosely clumped, floating specs
What are the 4 collection methods for a urine sample
Free Catch
Cystocenesis
Catheter
Manual Expression
What are the 4 physical features you observe about the urine sample?
Color
Odor
Transparency
Consistency
The inner, sea shell looking part of the kidney is called the
Medulla
Species who are herbivores have what type of urine pH?
alkaline
Define Homeostasis
The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.
What does the refractometer measure?
Must answer: Specific Gravity (concentration of the urine)
Name 2 reasons for a UTI
Licking
Scooting
Bacteria Overgrowth
Change in pH
Uroliths
The concave depression where blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter attach is called the
Hilus
What species has lumpy looking kidneys?
Cow
Define Micturition
the action of urinating
What are refractometers cleaned with?
(Need both supplies)
Distilled water and Kimwipes
If the dipstick is positive for Glucose, the animal most likely has what?
Diabetes
area of the kidney where urine collects before entering the ureters (is not present in some species)
Renal Pelvis
Which species has a heart shaped R kidney?
Horse
Define Uropoiesis
The process of making urine
Name 3 things you can see under the microscope for a microscopic urinary exam.
Blood cells
Skin Cells
Crystals
Mucous
Debris
Name 3 things the dipstick tests for
Blood (Hemolyzed and non-hemolyzed)
Leukocytes
Ph
Specific Gravity
Bilirubin
Urobillirubin
Glucose
Keytones
Renal pyramids – also called _______ _______
(Species have 7-14 of them depending)
medullary pyramids
What 2 species has naturally cloudy urine?
Horse and Rabbit
Define Bilirubin
An orange-yellow pigment formed in the liver by the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted in bile.