Urinary System Anatomy
What is the functional unit of the kidneys that filters blood and forms urine?
nephron
Which structure holds urine until it can be eliminated from the body?
Bladder
What is the term for the "ball" of capillaries where filtration of the blood occurs within the nephron?
glomerulus
Susie c/o frequency, hematuria, and dysuria. She is diagnosed with a UTI that is more common in women. What condition is it?
cystitis
What procudure is used to break up kidney stones so they can be more easily passed in the urine?
lithotripsy
What structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
ureters
Which structure transports urine from the bladder to the outside environment?
urethra
What is the process by which the blood capillaries around the nephron push unneeded substances out of the bloodstream and into the convoluted tubule of the nephron?
John c/o dysuria, pyuria, and itching of the urinary meatus. He is diagnosed with a UTI that occurs more commonly in men. What condition does John have?
urethritis
What condition occurs when the kidneys fail and metabolic wastes accumulate in the blood?
uremia
What is the term for the notched area of the kidney where blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels enter and exit the kidney?
hillum
What is the term for the external opening of the urethra?
urinary meatus
What is the process by which the capillaries around the nephron pull back substances needed in the body from the filtrate of the convoluted tubule?
Reabsorption
Kevin has intense pain in his right lower back, hematuria, and frequency. Per his diagnosis, his doctor advised him to increase his fluid intake and strain his urine. What condition does Kevin have?
renal calculi (kidney stones)
What treatment is used to prevent uremia when a person is in kidney failure?
hemodialysis
Urine is drained away from the nephron by the _______.
collecting tubules (ducts)
Which section of the kidney contains the majority of the collecting ducts?
medulla
Approximately how much urine is being held in the bladder when the person first feels the urge to void?
250 ml of urine
Brent has a condition that causes progressive scarring and sclerosis of the glomeruli, which will eventually lead to renal failure. What condition does Brent have?
chronic glomerulonephritis
What term is used when a person has to void, but is unable to empty the bladder?
Retention
Which section of the kidney contains most of the nephrons?
cortex
Which structure is the first part of the convoluted tubule and receives filtrate from the glomerulus?
Bowman's capsule
Name at least 3 functions of the kidneys.
Maintain Homeostasis by removing excess water, nutrients & wastes from the body
Maintain the body's acid/base balance (pH)
Production of the hormones, erythropoietin & renin
Convert Vitamin D to its active form
What condition is caused pyogenic bacteria colonizing within the renal pelvis?
pyelonephritis
Which condition is caused by streptococcus infection and leads to symptoms such as: chills, fever, edema, oliguria, hematuria, and cola colored urine?
Acute glomerulonephritis