Elements of antimicrobial stewardship
A coordinated strategy to optimize the use of antimicrobials with the goal of improving patient outcomes, reducing microbial resistance, and decreasing the spread of infections.
What is "Antimicrobial Stewardship"?
Alexander Fleming discovered this antibiotic upon returning from a holiday in Suffolk in 1928, when he noticed that a fungus had contaminated a culture plate of Staphylococcus bacteria he had accidentally left uncovered. The fungus had created a bacteria-free zone where it grew on the plate.
What is penicillin?
This term describes the lowest concentration of an antibiotic that completely inhibits the growth of a microorganism in vitro.
What is minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)?
This term describes the red, diffuse rash appearing on the trunk during or after rapid infusion of vancomycin.
What is "Red Man Syndrome"?
Located under Weblinks in EPIC, our institution-specific antibiogram can be found under this dropdown link
What is the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Report?
The process of narrowing the spectrum and/or number of antimicrobial agents based on clinical and microbiological data to limit adverse events, emergence of resistance, and preserve effectiveness of antimicrobial agents.
What is antimicrobial de-escalation?
This antibacterial was the first commercially available antibacterial that could effective treat a range of bacterial infections inside the body and was developed by the German biochemist Gerhard Domagk in the 1930s.
What is sulfonamide?
This term describes the drug concentration in serum, tissues and other body fluids over time.
What is pharmacokinetics?
Concomitant administration of vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam increases this risk for this adverse effect.
What is nephrotoxicity?
This term refers to the cost effective utilization of laboratory resources to optimize antibiotic decision-making
What is diagnostic stewardship?
The process of evaluating the continuing need and choice of antimicrobial therapy after 48-72 hours when the clinical picture is clearer and more diagnostic information is available.
What is an "Antimicrobial Time Out"?
This antibiotic was first isolated in 1953 by Edmun Kornfeld (working at Eli Lilly) from a soil sample collected from the interior jungles of Borneo and was initially referred to as “Mississippi Mud”.
What is vancomycin?
These (name one) antibiotics exhibit concentration dependent killing. Their therapeutic activity correlates with maximum serum antibiotic concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) or area under the curve/MIC
What are aminoglycosides OR metronidazole OR fluoroquinolones OR daptomycin?
Use of antibiotics is the number one risk factor for this infection.
What is Clostridium difficile infection?
Rapid diagnostic tool that reports identification and susceptibility results of single-isolate gram negatives in blood culture. At Lurie Children's, the results are available in the Media tab.
Accelerate PhenoTM
An overall profile of antimicrobial susceptibility of local bacterial isolates to help guide appropriate empiric therapy.
What is an antibiogram?
Penicillin was initially effective to this microorganism, but resistant strains that produce penicillinase surfaced in the 1950s.
What is Staphylococcus aureus?
Time above minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the best predictor of bacterial eradication for this class of antibiotics.
What is beta-lactams?
Administering a SSRI with linezolid increases the risk for this adverse effect.
What is Serotonin Syndrome?
A condition in which larger than normal numbers of bacteria are present in the urine but symptoms are not present.
What is asymptomatic bacteriuria
Prescribing behavior is a complex, multifactorial process, including adherence to local culture and etiquette. ASP teams rely on (name one) these strategies to change behavior.
What is education, audit and feedback, formulary restrictions, OR prior approvals?
Traces of this antibiotic, which is a strong chelator and incorporated into the mineral portion of bones as well as tooth enamel, have been found in human skeletal remains from ancient Sudanese Nubia dating back to 350-550 AD, likely as a result of exposure in the diet of these ancient people.
What is tetracycline?
Achievement of a 24 hour AUC/MIC ratio of 400 significantly reduces mortality when this antibiotic is used to treat susceptible infections.
What is vancomycin?
A clinician should be concerned about this condition when a patient presents with severe muscle pain after receiving daptomycin.
What is rhabomyolysis?
This panel identifies 24 unique gram positive, gram negative bacteria and yeast pathogens isolated in blood within one hour. Final susceptibilities are available within 24-72 hours.
What is FilmArray Blood Culture Identification Panel (FilmArray® Multiplex PCR)?