Preindustrial America
The requirements to practice were completing a 2-year MD degree and working as an apprentice
What is medical education?
A physician who specializes in the care of hospitalized patients
What are physicians?
An individual who complete an associates degree (ADN), a diploma program, or bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) degree
What is a registered nurse?
Known as the father of American psychiatry
Who is Dr. Benjamin Rush?
Harvard University and John Hopkins University made curriculum changes to become a physician that are known as
What is education reform?
A government made institution for individuals with chronic, medical illness
What is an asylum?
Physicians in non-primary care specialties dealing with particular diseases or organ systems
What are specialist?
An individual with a diplomate in psychology, which requires a doctor in philosophy (PhD) or a a doctor in psychology (PsyD), 5 years of postdoctoral experience, and the completion of the psychology examination
What is a psychologist?
Methods of bleeding, purging, hot and cold baths, and administration of mercury
What was mental illness treatment?
Played a critical role in protecting the interests of physicians
What is the American Medical Association?
A medical philosophy based on the holistic approach to treatment that also emphasizes correction of the position of the joints or tissues
What is osteopathic medicine?
Providers who diagnose and treat problems related to gums, teeth, and tissue of the mouth
What are dentist?
An individual who receives 2 years of postsecondary education and is trained to perform procedures
What is a technician?
A place of confinement for the destitute and disruptive elements of society
What is an almshouse?
Universities that were created to prepare black physicians to practice medicine
Any large-scale government-sponsored expansion of health insurance or intrusion in the private practice of medicine.
What is socialized medicine?
Individuals who dispense medicines prescribed by physicians, dentists, and podiatrists and to provide consultation on the proper selection and use of medicines
What are pharmacists?
An individual who obtains a license that requires graduation from a 4-year accredited program that awards a doctor of chiropractic degree and completion of the state chiropractic board
What is a chiropractor?
Established outpatient clinics to provide free care to those who could not afford to pay
What are dispensaries?
The U.S. Supreme court decision that directed the states to provide community based services to people with mental illness
A network of organizations that provides coordinated continuum of services to a defined population and is
willing to be held clinically and fiscally accountable for the outcomes and health status of the population serviced.
What is an integrated delivery system?
A nurse who has the education and clinical experience beyond those required of an RN.
What is an advanced-practice nurse?
An individual with a masters degree in occupational therapy and pass the Certification in Occupational Therapy exam
What is an occupational therapist?