Section 1
Some of the earliest American cultures emerged in _________________, which includes the southern section of what is now Mexico and northern Central America.
Mesoamerica
What is the name given to an island in Lake Texcoco?
Tenochtitlán
Cone-shaped shelters were known as?
Teepees
When did the Hopewell culture decline?
By AD 700
What provided a good defense against adversaries by constructing their homes on canyon walls?
Cliff Dwellings
People who hunted animals and gathered wild plants for food were known as what?
Hunter-Gatherers
Where is the Bering Land Bridge located?
Northeastern Asia and present-day Alaska
Who developed a sophisticated system of highways that stretched the length of the empire, with paved roads and rope bridges connecting all sections of the territory?
The Inca
Who lived in modern-day northern Alaska and Canada?
The Inuit
Who constructed hundreds of mounds for religious ceremonies?
The Mississippian
What was the location of the Inca's origin?
Andes Mountains of South America
What do geographers refer to a stretch of territory between northeastern Asia and present-day Alaska as?
Bering Land Bridge
Ancestor or animal spirits atop tall wooden poles were known as?
Totems
People traced their lineage through their mothers rather than their dads, which was known as?
Matrilineal
Whose home was in western and southern Alaska, and they lived in partially underground multifamily houses?
The Aleut
What is the word for a group's common principles and conventions, such as language, government, and familial relationships?
Culture
What was one of Native Americans' most significant early crops?
Maize, or corn
Around what time were the Maya building large cities?
About AD 200
Which region encompasses the current states of Arizona and New Mexico, as well as parts of Colorado and Texas?
The Southwest culture region
Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca formed the _____________with the objective of strengthening the alliance against invasion.
Iroquois League
What is the estimated population of the Inca empire?
12 million people
Who were tough warriors whose great military skills were critical to their success?
The Aztec
People learned to agriculture and settled in villages around when?
After 5000 BC
What were the names given to sacred sites used for religious ceremonies?
Kivas
Which region stretches south from Canada into Texas?
The huge Great Plains
What is the movement of people or animals from one location to another referred to as?
Migration
What are the climates and landscapes that surround living things referred to as?
Environments
What caused people to stop roaming about hunting for food and instead settle in one location?
Farming
The Pueblo religion concentrated on two major aspects of Pueblo life, which are?
Rain and Maize
The Anasazi thrived for hundreds of years, but when did they start to abandon their villages?
After AD 1300
Which people followed animal herds south into Canada, the United States, and Mexico?
Paleo-Indians
When did the first people come to North America?
The Ice Age
What was heavy clay known as?
Adobe
Aboveground buildings composed of heavy clay were known as what?
Pueblos
What was the term used to describe moving from place to place in search of tiny animals and food?
Nomadic
Olmec established the first known civilization in Mesoamerica around?
Around 1200 BC
What time did the Maya civilization begin to collapse?
In the 900s
The Earth's climate warmed, and the Ice Age ended around what time?
About 8000 BC
Native Americans held similar beliefs about _______, believing that individual ownership was limited to the crops grown.
Property
Most Native American faiths were related with what?
Nature
Like the Olmec, the _______ cultivated maize and other crops and lived in tiny villages.
The Maya
Who is famous for their use of stone in architecture and sculpture, having erected the earliest pyramids in the Americas and creating sculptures of massive stone heads?
The Olmec
Who resided in the Four Corners region, which now includes Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah.
Anasazi
Who lived in the Mississippi, Ohio, and Lower Missouri River valleys?
The Hopewell
Who benefited from the abundant supply of game animals, fish, and natural plants, which allowed big populations to grow without the need for farming?
The Kwakiutl and the Chinook
When did the Olmec civilization end?
Around 400 BC
What was the official language of the Inca empire?
Quechua
Tenochtitlán, the Aztec capital, was founded around what time?
In AD 1325
Most Native Americans in the California region lived in households of 50 to 300 people, and these groups, which included the Hupa, Miwok, and Yokuts, spoke more than how many languages?
100 languages were spoken
Who had declined by the time European explorers reached the Southeast, with their cultures extinct by the early 1700s?
The moundbuilding cultures