Section 3
The practice that had existed in Africa and in many parts of the world for centuries
Slavery
In the 1060s, which Muslim group attacked Ghana in an effort to force its leaders to convert to Islam, weakened Ghana’s empire, and cut off many trade routes?
Almoravids
Which important trade cities did Mali add to its empire during Mansa Musa's rule?
Timbuktu, Djenné, and Gao
What was a giant step forward in spreading new ideas?
Printing Press
Businesses in which a group of people invest together.
joint-stock companies
One of Songhai’s greatest rulers who chose the title askia, a title of military rank. He became known as Askia the Great. Like Mansa Musa, Askia the Great was a devout Muslim who supported education and learning. Under his rule, the cities of Gao and Timbuktu flourished. They contained great mosques, universities, schools, and libraries.
Muhammad Ture
What contributed to the power and economy of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai?
The trans Saharan slave trade
Who was Mali’s most famous ruler that was a Muslim king? Under his leadership, Mali reached the height of its wealth, power, and fame. He ruled Mali for about 25 years, from 1312 to 1337. During that time, Mali added many important trade cities, including Timbuktu, Djenné, and Gao, to its empire. Religion and education were both very important to him.
Mansa Musa
In the U.S. political system, citizens vote for representatives, making the nation a what?
Democratic Republic
This period brought new ways of thinking to Europe, weakening the old feudal system even more. The word means “rebirth” and refers to the period that followed the Middle Ages in Europe. This movement began in Italy and eventually spread to other parts of Europe. Love of art and education was a key feature of this period and so was the importance of people rather than focusing on religion.
The Renaissance
The first people in Ghana were farmers along the Niger River. When were these farmers, the Soninke (soh-ning-kee), threatened by nomadic herders?
AD 300
When did a Muslim group called the Almoravids (al-muh-rah-vuhdz) attacked Ghana in an effort to force its leaders to convert to Islam?
1060s
Who do historians think are the first people in Ghana that were farmers along the Niger River? Sometime after AD 300 these farmers were threatened by nomadic herders. The herders wanted to take the farmers’ water and pastures. For protection, groups of families began to band together.
Soninke
What did many texts that Europeans rediscovered in the 1300s deal with?
Science
The region we now call France.
Gaul
The pilgrimage to Mecca that is the spiritual duty of all Muslims
Hajj
When did Arab Muslims, and later Europeans, become slave traders?
600s
Where were Mali, Songhai, and Ghana all located at or close to?
Niger River
Warriors who fought on horseback, and were given land in exchange for military service.
Knights
An economic system that unifies and increases the power and wealth of a nation.
Mercantilism
When did Islam become the most practiced religion in Ghana?
1400s
Who was one of Songhai’s greatest rulers a.k.a, Muhammad Ture, who chose the title askia, a title of military rank? Like Mansa Musa, this ruler was a devout Muslim who supported education and learning. Under his rule, the cities of Gao and Timbuktu flourished.
Askia the Great
After Muhammad’s death, his followers wrote down his teachings to form the book known as the what?
Qur’an
One of the three greatest Greek thinkers, or philosophers. A philosopher and teacher, he wrote a work called The Republic that describes an ideal society based on justice and fairness for everyone.
Plato
Clear and ordered thinking
Reason
Who did slavery in West Africa traditionally involve?
Black Africans
A title of military rank
Askia
A system of promises between lords and vassals is known as what?
Feudalism
What were the long series of wars that began between the European Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia in the late 1000s?
Crusades
A period that preceded the Renaissance and lasted about a thousand years where nearly everyone in Europe was Christian and life revolved around the Church and God.
Middle Ages
25 years
When did Ghana become firmly in control of West Africa’s trade routes?
800s
A politician and poet. Before him, most authors wrote in Latin, the language of the church. But this guy chose to write in Italian, the common language of the people. This gave ordinary people the opportunity to read his work. Who was he??? (he wrote The Divine Comedy and The Inferno)
Dante Alighieri
What was the he first Greek city-state to establish democracy?
Athens
One of the two of the greatest Renaissance artists. He is known for his work in painting, sculpture, and architecture. His art reflected the basic Renaissance idea—the value of human beings.
Leonardo da Vinci
buildings for Muslim prayer
Mosques
According to legend, Mali’s rise to power began under this ruler. This guy won back his country’s independence and conquered nearby kingdoms, including Ghana. Who was it???
Sundiata
One of the three of the greatest Greek thinkers, or philosophers. He was a great teacher, wanted to make people think and question their own beliefs.
Socrates
A form of government in which people rule themselves.
Democracy
One of the three great thinkers, or philosophers. He taught that people should live lives based on reason, or clear and ordered thinking.
Aristotle
When did Mansa Musa conquer a rival kingdom of people called the Songhai, who also lived along the Niger River?
1300s
Islam was founded in the 600s by this Arab. Muslims, followers of Islam, believe that God had spoken to this person through an angel and had made him a prophet, someone who tells of God’s messages. Who was he???
Muhammad
A German man that developed a printing press that used a movable type. This allowed an entire page to be printed at once.
Johannes Gutenberg
Organized political units with central governments.
Nation States
In 1271 he journeyed from Europe to China along part of the old Silk Road. He spent 20 years living and traveling in Asia. When this trade and traveler returned to Europe, he brought back stories of spices, coal, and paper money.
Marco Polo
A kingdom of people who lived along the Niger River. As the Mali Empire weakened in the 1400s, this kingdom grew in strength. They took advantage of Mali’s decline, regained their independence, and eventually conquered most of Mali. One of this kingdom's greatest rulers was Muhammad Ture, who chose the title askia, a title of military rank. He became known as Askia the Great.
Songhai
a group of people from northern Africa
Berbers
When was the Roman Republic created?
509 BC
Trade associations that became an influential part of European life.
Guilds
Merchants' ships brought back rats infected with the plague. What disease spread across Europe, killing an estimated 25 million people?
Black Death