Industrial Expansion
What was the primary factor that led to the rapid expansion of industry in the United States during the late 19th century?
What is Abundant natural resources (p. 436)
The construction of the transcontinental railroad was completed in which year?
What is: 1869 (p. 442)
Who was the head of Standard Oil Company, known for his monopoly over the oil industry?
Who is: John D. Rockefeller (p. 449)
•Which labor organization, founded in 1869, aimed to unite all workers regardless of trade?
What is: The Knights of Labor (p. 452)
Who was Samuel Gompers, and what was his role in the labor movement?
What is: Samuel Gompers was the founder of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), advocating for better wages, hours, and conditions for skilled workers. (p. 452)
Which invention by Thomas Edison had a significant impact on industrial growth?
What is the Light bulb (p. 438)
Which two companies built the transcontinental railroad?
What is: The Central Pacific and Union Pacific (p. 442)
•What was the purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890?
What is: To prevent monopolies and trusts from restraining trade and reducing economic competition. (p. 450)
What were the main goals of the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
What is: To achieve higher wages, shorter work hours, and better working conditions for skilled workers. (p. 452)
What was the significance of the Supreme Court case Munn v. Illinois (1877)?
What is: It upheld the power of state governments to regulate private industries that affect the public interest, particularly railroads. (p. 447)
What is the process of blowing air through molten iron? Allowing oxygen from the air to react with the carbon and other impurities in the iron, oxidizing them and removing them as gas or slag.
What is The Bessemer process (p. 438)
How did the railroad industry impact the standardization of time and the creation of time zones?
What is: The railroad industry's need for a standardized time schedule led to the creation of the four standard time zones in the United States in 1883. (p. 445)
What is “horizontal integration”?
What is: Horizontal integration is a business strategy where a company buys out its competitors or merges to increase its market share. Example: Standard Oil. (p. 449)
Why were labor strikes like the Homestead Strike significant during the Gilded Age?
What is: They highlighted the tensions between labor and management and the lengths both sides would go to fight for their interests, often resulting in violence and government intervention. (p. 453)
Describe the significance of the legal case Wabash v. Illinois (1886).
What is: The case limited the states' ability to regulate railroads, leading to the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission. (p. 447)
How did inventions like the typewriter and the telephone affect women's roles in the workforce?
What is creating jobs like secretaries or operators
OR
What is an increase in women participating in the workforce
What was the significance of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887?
What is: It was the first federal law to regulate private industry in the United States, aiming to control unfair railroad practices. (p. 447)
Compare and contrast a “robber baron” and a “captain of industry.”
What is: Robber barons used unethical and monopolistic practices to gain wealth, while captains of industry were seen as leaders who contributed positively to the economy and society through innovation, philanthropy, and job creation. (p. 451)
Describe the significance of the Pullman Strike of 1894.
What is: The Pullman Strike was a nationwide railroad strike that ended with federal intervention to protect U.S. mail delivery and set a precedent for federal involvement in labor disputes. (p. 454)
Who was George Pullman, and what impact did he have on labor relations?
Who is: George Pullman was the owner of the Pullman Company, and his treatment of workers led to the Pullman Strike of 1894, a major labor conflict. (p. 454)
Explain the impact of the Second Industrial Revolution on the American economy and society.
What is any of the following: rapid industrialization, technological advancements, growth of cities, increased immigration, significant social and economic changes, including the rise of big businesses and labor unions. (p. 438-440)
•How did the Panic of 1893 affect the railroad industry?
What is: It led to the bankruptcy of several major railroad companies, contributing to a severe economic depression and leading to government intervention in the railroad industry. (p. 447)
What is the significance of Andrew Carnegie’s 'Gospel of Wealth.'
What is: It was a philosophy that argued the wealthy had a moral obligation to distribute their wealth in ways that promote the welfare and happiness of the common man, leading to philanthropic efforts like libraries and educational institutions. (p. 453)
Analyze the challenges faced by labor unions during the late 19th century and their methods for addressing these challenges.
What is: Challenges included government opposition, employer resistance, legal limitations, and internal divisions. Methods included strikes, boycotts, and collective bargaining. (p. 451-454)
Explain the contributions of Henry Bessemer to the steel industry.
What is: Henry Bessemer developed the Bessemer process, which revolutionized steel production by making it cheaper and more efficient, significantly impacting industrialization. (p. 438)