Section 1
A device that enabled navigators to learn their ship’s location by charting the position of the stars.
Astrolabe
The Vikings sailed farther south to the island of Newfoundland, and perhaps to what is now known as what?
New England
Eriksson settled in a coastal area he called Vinland, but the Vikings left after only a few years. Who were they attacked by?
Native Americans
In 1488 Portuguese navigator Bartolomeu Dias led an expedition from Portugal southward along the African coast. A storm blew his ships around the southern tip of Africa. This point became known as what?
the Cape of Good Hope
On ______________ Columbus’s three ships set sail. The Niña and the Pinta were caravels. Columbus sailed in the larger Santa María. The ships carried about 90 sailors and a year’s worth of supplies. They made a stop in the Canary Islands, and then on September 6, they resumed their journey.
August 3, 1492
In 1493, ________________, originally from Spain, issued a decree that drew a new boundary for Spain and Portugal.
Pope Alexander VI
Soon the crew saw signs of land—birds and floating tree branches. Columbus promised a reward “to him who first sang out that he saw land." When did his journey end?
October 12, 1492
___________ ________, a sailor from Genoa, Italy. He was convinced that he could reach Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean.
Christopher Columbus
Who went on an expedition around the Cape of Good Hope.
Vasco da Gama
During the 1400s, Europeans had several reasons to explore the world. They hoped to bypass the merchants who had a monopoly on, or economic control of, the Asian products that reached the Mediterranean. What did they first go for?
Asian spices
King Manuel of Portugal sent another explorer, Vasco da Gama, on an expedition around the Cape of Good Hope. When did Da Gama leave Lisbon, Portugal?
1497
Who were the first Europeans to make contact with North America.
The Vikings
In 1522 the voyage’s only remaining ship returned to Spain. Only 18 members of Magellan’s original crew survived. These sailors were the first people to circumnavigate, or go all the way around, the globe. Their entire journey was some ______ miles long.
40,000
To prevent war, the leaders of the two nations signed the ______ __ ___________, which moved the Line of Demarcation 800 miles further west. This gave Portugal more opportunity to claim lands unexplored by other Europeans.
Treaty of Tordesillas
In ____, Ferdinand Magellan (muhjehl-uhn), a Portuguese navigator, set out with a Spanish fleet to sail down the east coast of South America.
1519
Columbus called the island San Salvador, which means “Holy Savior.” Columbus also visited another island he called Hispaniola. There he met the _____. At that time Europeans called Asia the Indies, so Columbus, believing he was in Asia, called these Native American people Indians.
Taino
The Vikings were skilled sailors who developed a new style of ship that curved up at both ends. Viking vessels traveled the rough North Atlantic seas better than earlier ships because their designs were more stable. what was this ship called
Longship
Portugal’s explorations would have major results, including the start of the what?
Atlantic slave trade
Although he never set out on a voyage himself, Henry greatly advanced Portugal’s exploration efforts. Who was responsible for advances that would make exploration more successful?
Prince Henry the Navigator
Who became a leader in world exploration in the early 1400s.
Portugal
When did explorer Amerigo Vespucci lead a Spanish fleet to the coast of present-day South America.
1501
Who did Columbus ask to pay for an expedition across the Atlantic.
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
To prevent war, the leaders of the two nations signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, which moved the Line of Demarcation ___ miles further west. This gave Portugal more opportunity to claim lands unexplored by other Europeans.
800
European explorers and settlers took plants and animals with them to the Americas. They also brought back a variety of new plants and animals to Europe, Asia, and Africa. This transfer became known as What?
Columbian Exchange
What was the Indian port called where Muslim Traders met De Gama and his men.
Calicut
Who was the son of Erik the Red who shared his father’s love of adventure. In the year 1000, he was sailing from west Norway to Greenland when strong winds blew his ship off course and carried his ship all the way to the North American coast.
Leif Eriksson
When da Gama reached the Indian port of Calicut, What traders met him and his men? Who surprised the sailors by speaking to them in Portuguese.
Muslims
When did Portuguese navigator Bartolomeu Dias lead an expedition from Portugal southward along the African coast.
1488
In 1519, _________ ________, a Portuguese navigator, set out with a Spanish fleet to sail down the east coast of South America. After sailing around the southern tip of the continent, he continued into the Pacific even though his ships were dangerously low on food and fresh water.
Ferdinand Magellan
in 1501 explorer _______ ________ led a Spanish fleet to the coast of present-day South America. He was convinced the land he reached was not Asia. Instead, Vespucci believed he had found a “new world.”
Amerigo Vespucci
On August 3, 1492, Columbus’s three ships set sail. What were those three ships named?
The Niña and the Pinta, and the Santa María
In ____ they reached the top of a mountain. From this spot Balboa saw a great blue sea—the Pacific Ocean—stretching out before him.
1513
Who led an expedition from Portugal southward along the African coast?
Bartolomeu Dias
In 1488 Portuguese navigator Bartolomeu Dias led an expedition from Portugal southward along the African coast. A storm blew his ships around Where? This point became known as the Cape of Good Hope
Southern tip of Africa
The Portuguese also made advances in shipbuilding. They began designing ships that were smaller, lighter, and easier to steer than the heavy galleons they had used before. What used triangular sails that, unlike traditional square sails, allowed ships to sail against the wind?
Caravels
Eriksson settled in a coastal area he called _______, but the Vikings left after only a few years. Attacks by Native Americans posed a constant threat
Vinland
The ships landed on an island in the Bahamas. Columbus thought he had found a new route to Asia. Instead, he had reached another continent that was unknown to him. Columbus called the island ___ ________, which means “Holy Savior.” Columbus also visited another island he called Hispaniola.
San Salvador
To go all the way around, the globe.
Circumnavigate
In a Spanish settlement in present-day Panama, another explorer, _____________________, heard stories from local Native Americans about another ocean farther west. He set out to find it. For weeks he and his men struggled through thick jungle and deadly swamps.
Vasco Núñez de Balboa
This imaginary ____ __ ___________ divided the Atlantic Ocean. Spain could claim all land west of the line.
Line of Demarcation