Section 3
Spanish soldiers who led military campaigns in the Americas were known as what?
Conquistadors
What was the name of the conquistador who heard about Inca settlements in South America's Andes? He had conquered the whole Inca Empire by 1534.
Francisco Pizarro
Royal officials granted a individual permission to explore the Gulf of Mexico shoreline. In 1539, his voyage landed in what is now Tampa Bay, Florida. What was the name of the explorer who traveled through Florida?
Hernando de Soto
What were the Spanish settlers known as?
Peninsulares
Who publicly challenged the Roman Catholic Church, alleging that it was excessively wealthy and abused its power?
Martin Luther
Who established the Church of England, or the Anglican Church, by declaring himself head of the church, disputing the pope's authority, and infuriating Catholics?
King Henry VIII
What is the name of an Italian captain who sailed from North Carolina to Maine in search of a Northwest Passage?
Giovanni da Verrazano
Who resettled Roanoke in 1587 with his 150 colonists? His granddaughter, Virginia Dare, was the first English colonist born in North America.
John White
What was the name of the Conquistador who traveled from Cuba to modern-day Mexico in 1519 after hearing about a prosperous land to the west?
Hernán Cortés
After defeating the Aztecs and the Incas, the Spaniards began to establish their huge empire. What name did they give it?
New Spain
In 1528, which explorer accompanied conquistador Pánfilo de Narváez on his trip to North America? Their 300-man troop initially landed on Florida's shore.
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
What provided settlers the authority to tax or force local Native Americans to work, in exchange for which these settlers were expected to protect and convert Native Americans to Christianity?
Encomienda System
What is the name of a religious movement that originated in small German villages but swiftly grew throughout Europe, becoming involved in numerous political disputes?
Protestant Reformation
Who utilized Spain's vast money to lead a Catholic Reformation against the Protestant movement, with the goal of driving them out of England?
King Philip II
What is the name of the French sailor who led France's next big exploration of North America, making two trips to what is now Canada, sailing into the Saint Lawrence River and traveling all the way to present-day Montreal, claiming the regions discovered for France?
Jacques Cartier
Who set out in 1673 to find an enormous river, the Mississippi, and journey down it all the way to present-day Arkansas?
Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette
Who ruled the Aztec Empire, which was at its peak power in the early 1500s?
Moctezuma II
What organization was established in 1524 to administer the Americas from Spain?
Council of the Indies
In 1528, explorer Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca joined an expedition to North America with 300 men, arriving on the Florida coast. What is the name of the Conquistador he accompanied?
Pánfilo de Narváez
What was the name given to large farms that only farmed one type of crop?
Plantations
What was the name given to reformers who opposed some of the Catholic Church's practices?
Protestants
What is the name of a massive fleet of warships designed to put an end to English plans, consisting of approximately 130 ships and 27,000 sailors and soldiers?
Spanish Armada
Which English captain did the Dutch hire to discover the Northwest Passage?
Henry Hudson
Who followed the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico, claiming the Mississippi Valley for France's King Louis XIV and named the territory Louisiana in his honor?
René-Robert de La Salle
What is the name of Moctezuma's capital, which was erected in the middle of Lake Texcoco near the current location of Mexico City?
Tenochtitlán
What network of roadways stretched hundreds of miles from Mexico City to Santa Fe?
El Camino Real
What is the name of a Moroccan-born slave who served as a guide for an upcoming voyage to the Southwest before being slain by Native Americans in 1539?
Estevanico
Who played a significant part in the Spanish interactions with Native Americans?
The Catholic Church
What was the name given to a machine that printed copies using movable type?
The Printing Press
What was the name of a water route that connected the Atlantic and Pacific oceans in North America?
Northwest Passage
Who sent an expedition that landed in modern-day Virginia and North Carolina, designating the entire region Virginia in 1584?
Walter Raleigh
Who purchased Manhattan Island from local Native Americans for approximately $24 and established the settlement of New Amsterdam, which is today known as New York City?
Peter Minuit
What was the name of the Indian woman who helped Cortés get allies?
Malintzin
In 1508, an explorer arrived on the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. In 1511, he had conquered the island for Spain and established the city of San Juan. What is his name?
Juan Ponce de León
Who went out to explore the North American Southwest with the goal of discovering the legendary Seven Cities of Gold that were said to exist there? His voyage traveled into present-day New Mexico and Arizona, where some of his troops discovered the Grand Canyon.
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
Who suggested the Spanish should attempt to convert Native Americans to Christianity by demonstrating compassion, gentleness, and kindness?
Bartolomé de Las Casas
French Protestants eventually came to the Americas in quest of religious freedom; what were they known as?
Huguenots
What is the name of an Italian sailor who volunteered to pay for his own expedition if the king of England granted him a royal charter to whatever territories he discovered?
John Cabot
What do you call a document that grants an individual permission to establish a colony?
Charter
Who was New Netherland's governor when it conquered New Sweden in 1655? He allowed the Swedes to keep their colony, which he dubbed the "Swedish Nation."
Peter Stuyvesant