Section 1 & 2
How many people lived in the United States in 1790?
4 Million
As a teenager, who helped run a shipping company in the British West Indies before moving to the American colonies for education? He later married into a wealthy New York family and practiced law, serving as Washington's aide and delegate to four Continental Congresses.
Alexander Hamilton
What is the name of a body of electors that represent the people's vote in the election of presidents?
Electoral College
The storming of the Bastille was one of the first acts of this. The people overthrew their king and created a republican government.
French Revolution
In this month and year Godoy agreed to Pinckney’s Treaty, which settled the border and trade disputes with Spain.
October 1795
groups that help elect people and shape policies, had begun to form during Washington’s presidency. Despite Washington’s warnings about these the rivalry between two parties dominated the 1796 election.
Political parties
What is the name given to the belief that mothers played an essential part in raising their children to be decent citizens?
Republican Motherhood
How much did the United States owe in Revolutionary War expenses at the time?
$25 million
Today, we know that presidents hold cabinet meetings with their senior advisers; this practice began during Washington's administration and became widespread by what year?
1792
In this month and year Americans beheaded King Louis XVI in and Queen Marie-Antoinette
January 1793
Under the treaty Spain agreed to recognize the U.S. southern boundary as 31˚N latitude. Spain’s government also reopened the port at New Orleans to American ships and gave them the right of deposit. Because it opened the frontier to more expansion, Washington and most other Americans believed that this treaty was a successful compromise.
Pinckney’s Treaty
Alexander Hamilton helped found this party which wanted a strong federal government and supported industry and trade.
Federalist Party
What was the name of George Washington's wife, who later became the first First Lady?
Martha Washington
What was the name of the author who believed that women should have a larger role in the new nation and advocated Republican Motherhood?
Judith Sargent Murray
What term refers to the federal government's ability to conduct reasonable activities that the Constitution does not expressly prohibit?
Loose Construction
This stated that the United States would not take sides with any European countries that were at war.
Neutrality Proclamation
In 1790 a Native American alliance under the command of this Miami chief defeated U.S. forces under General Josiah Harmar.
Little Turtle
The Federalist party chose these two men as candidates.
John Adams and Thomas Pinckney
Who did the people regard as an honest, competent, and stable leader, a Revolutionary hero known for his ability to motivate and manage the army, with many feeling he should be the first President of the United States?
George Washington
Who became George Washington's Vice President?
John Adams
In 1792, 24 stockbrokers struck an agreement under a buttonwood tree on Wall Street; this agreement laid the groundwork for what subsequently became known as what?
New York Stock Exchange
France’s new representative to the United States asked American sailors to help France fight England by commanding privateers.
Edmond Genet
In 1792 President Washington gave command of the army in the West to this general. His task was to bring troops to the frontier to fight against the Indians. In 1793 he arrived in Ohio. Many of his men were ill from smallpox and influenza, so they were unable to fight well.
Anthony Wayne
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison founded this party. Its members, called Republicans, wanted to limit the federal government’s power.
Democratic-Republican Party
Which area opposed to assist the federal government in repaying other states' debts?
The South
In February 1791, Congress approved the charter for the country's first national bank. The bank contributed significantly to the stability of the United States' economy. What was the name of the bank?
Bank of the United States
What is the name given to people who acquire products at low costs in the belief that the value will grow and they will be able to sell the items for profit?
Speculators
These were private ships hired by a country to attack its enemies.
Privateers
On August 20, 1794, Native Americans fought Wayne’s troops in this battle and were defeated. The battle was named for an area where many trees had been destroyed by a tornado. Wayne’s forces burned Indians’ villages and fields. The strength of Indian forces in the region was broken.
Battle of Fallen Timbers
The democratic-republican party chose these two men as candidates.
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
What is the name for taxes that raise the prices of foreign products?
Protective Tariffs
Who established departments in the executive branch to address various areas of national policy?
The First Congress
During that time period, how much did the United States owe foreign countries?
$11.7 million
Washington wanted to prevent another war with the British he sent this man to London to work out a compromise.
John Jay
In this month and year Native American leaders signed the Treaty of Greenville, which gave the United States claim to most Indian lands in the Northwest Territory.
August 1795
This man had the challenging task of following Washington as president. He would have to work hard to win the people’s trust. At first glance he did not appear well suited for the presidency. Although he had been a leading Patriot during the American Revolution and had later served as a foreign diplomat, he lacked Washington’s dignity, and most people saw him as a cold and distant person. Still, many people—even those who opposed him— respected him. They recognized his hard work, honesty, and intelligence.
John Adams
What is the belief that the federal government should only do what the Constitution clearly allows?
Strict Construction
What is the name given to debt certificates with the pledge to buy back bonds at an increased price?
Bonds
Who strongly encouraged George Washington to run for President of the United States, as quoted as stating, "Of all men, you are the best fitted to fill that office"?
Gouverneur Morris
In this month and year. The two sides signed Jay’s Treaty.
November 1794
This treaty which gave the United States claim to most Indian lands in the Northwest Territory. The treaty also guaranteed the safety of citizens there. In exchange, Native Americans received $20,000 worth of goods and an acknowledgment of their claim to the lands they still held.
Treaty of Greenville
as the French demand for a bribe came to be called, outraged the American public. “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!” became the rallying cry of the American people.
XYZ affair
Where did the national capital relocate for ten years beginning in 1791?
Philadelphia
Which city served as the United States' first capital, embodying the spirit of the new nation?
New York City
What is the name for an action or choice that is later used as an example?
Precedent
This Treaty settled the disputes that had arisen between the United States and Great Britain in the early 1790s.
Jay’s Treaty
Congress passed a tax on this kind of whiskey in March 1791. The tax was part of Hamilton’s plan to raise money to help pay the federal debt. He was also testing the power of the federal government to control the states’ actions.
American-made whiskey
These laws were said to protect the United States, but the Federalists intended them to crush opposition to war.
Alien and Sedition Acts
During that time, how much did the United States owe its citizens?
$40.4 million
George Washington chose a permanent location for the capital on the Potomac River that comprised parts of Maryland and Virginia. The terrain was comprised of marshes and farmland. What will this site eventually be known as?
Washington D.C.
What legislation established three levels of federal courts, defined their powers and relationships with state courts, and established federal district courts and circuit courts of appeals?
Judiciary Act of 1789
Spain closed this port to U.S. trade in 1784. This hurt the American economy because all goods moving down the Mississippi to places in the East or overseas had to pass through this same city.
New Orleans
Congress passed a tax on American-made whiskey in March 1791. The tax was part of Hamilton’s plan to raise money to help pay the federal debt. He was also testing the power of the federal government to control the states’ actions. this became known as what?
Whiskey Rebellion
The most controversial was this act, which forbade anyone from publishing or voicing criticism of the federal government. In effect, this cancelled basic protections of freedom of speech and freedom of the press.
Sedition Act
What is the name given to money owing by the US?
National Debt
Alexander Hamilton believed that the United States should develop a coin-making facility so that it could begin issuing its own currency. What did it become known for?
National Mint
Many people who had participated in the Revolution, the establishment of the Articles of Confederation, and the formulation of the Constitution remained in positions of power after the Constitution was ratified. For their notable contributions to the country's formation, what were they known as?
Founding Fathers
this man tried to delay reaching an agreement, hoping Pinckney would become desperate and sign a treaty that favored the Spanish.
Manuel de Godoy
In this month and year The army of about 13,000 men approached western Pennsylvania By this time most of the rebels had fled. The Whiskey Rebellion ended without a battle.
November 1794
These resolutions did not have the force of national law, but they supported the idea that states could challenge the federal government. This idea would grow to have a tremendous impact on American history later in the 1800s.
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions