Chapters 1–2
What was the name of the bridge that the first Americans walked across and what is the name of this theory?
Beringea; Bering Strait; Land Bridge Theory
What was the transportation of slaves from Africa to America called?
The Middle Passage
JEOPARDY HOOPS
During which battle were the first shots of the revolutionary war fired, known as the "Shot Heard Around the World"?
The Battle of Lexington
JEOPARDY HOOPS
Before the Constitution was ratified, Congress made what in order to protect the rights of individuals and states?
The Bill of Rights
Who led the Continental Army to victory in the Revolutionary War and was the first president of the United States of America?
George Washington
John Winthrop’s goal was to establish the Massachusetts Bay colony as a “________”
City Upon a Hill
JEOPARDY HOOPS
What was the product of salutary neglect?
The colonies got used to not having any intervention from the British and started governing themselves.
What was salutary neglect and why was it implemented?
British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of their laws. Implemented because England was preoccupied with internal and external affairs.
What were the main disputes in trying to draft the Constitution?
Large vs small states and state rights vs strong central government
Who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and served as the United States' second vice president and third president?
Thomas Jefferson
Name and explain the three different types of colonies.
Joint Stock Company (Corporate Colony): Stockholders invest in a company and share in the potential profits or losses from the colony
Proprietorship: Land given by the king to an individual or group
Royal: Paid for and ruled by the monarchy
Explain mercantilism
This policy says that a nation’s power comes directly from its wealth. A major goal of mercantilism is a favorable balance of trade that would have a country exporting more than they were importing, which makes them a lot of money. Mercantilist policies were focused on making money through regulating trade (navigation acts) and made the colonies very unhappy.
What was a surprising (for the British) outcome of the intolerable acts (on the colonists)?
It created a greater sense of unity among the colonists.
What were some of the aspects of the Articles of Confederations?
Association of independent sovereign states, weak national government, and a legislative body
This man was an early Quaker and an early advocate of democracy and religious freedom. He was the son of a famous British politician and navy officer. He is best known for founding the North American colony – the Province of Pennsylvania.
William Penn
What are two differences that the Native Americans and Europeans had?
Native Americans felt that land wasn’t owned; Europeans liked to own private property
Native Americans believed in spirits; Europeans were Christians and monotheistic
Indians felt that nature was sacred; Europeans believed that everything was given by God
Indians didn’t have any interest in money; Europeans loved money and gold
Name and explain an economic difference between the Northern and Southern colonies
The North had a mixed economy that centered around the trade of many different goods and services and their respective businesses. The South’s economy was based on agriculture and slavery, which concentrated the wealth into the hands of large plantation owners.
What did England gain in the Treaty of Paris 1763, the treaty that ended the 7 Years War (or French and Indian War)?
French land from Canada to Florida, from the Appalachians to the Mississippi River
These two terms describe the two sides of the debate that arose between two groups of people who had different ways of viewing and interpreting the Constitution. On one side, people argued that the government should only do what the Constitution specifically states it can do while the other argued that the government can take reasonable actions that are not outlined in the Constitution as long as they are not specifically prohibited.
strict construction and loose construction
JEOPARDY HOOPS
Which baseball legend who played for the New York Yankees, also known as "The Bambino" and "The Sultan of Swat," is also known by many as the best baseball player in history?
Babe Ruth
JEOPARDY HOOPS
Explain the relationship between Mercantilism, the Navigation Acts, and the Salutary Neglect.
England followed a mercantilist economic policy with its American colonies, which is why they imposed the Navigation Acts. However, after William of Orange became the new King of England, England started practicing the unofficial policy of Salutary Neglect. This meant that although the Navigation Acts were in place, they were not strictly maintained – essentially, the colonies benefited by being left alone.
Name the aspect of the navigation acts that was relevant to America
Everything being shipped to America had to be passed through England on English ships and were taxed by England.
Name the three colonial wars that occurred between England and France prior to the French and Indian War
King William’s War, Queen Anne’s War, King George’s War
Who was the United States’ first secretary of war?
Henry Knox
This man was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and wrote an essay to the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences at Brussels about flatulence. He is a major figure of the history of physics for his discoveries and theories on electricity and is commemorated today on the 100 dollar bill.
Benjamin Franklin