The Civil WAR
General Winfield Scott proposed a plan to cut off Southern Ports with a naval blockade and slowly strangle the South into Submission.
What is the Anaconda Plan?
Ended Slavery in the United States making it illegal to own another human being.
What is the 13th Amendment?
Promised settlers 160 acres for free if they farmed it for five years.
What is The Homestead Act?
The government should interfere in the free market as little as possible.
What is Laissez-faire?
higher wages, shorter working hours, and safer working conditions
Goals of Labor Unions
Political Machines controlled strong leaders known as Party Boss's and did favors for citizens in exchange for their __________
Votes
The Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act were passed by Congress after President Roosevelt read_________ by ________
What is THE JUNGLE by UPTON SINCLAIR?
American naval vessel that was sunk by the Spanish in Havana Harbor Cuba to start the Spanish American War.
What is USS Maine?
The two alliances to start WWI.
What is the Central Powers, (Germany and Austria-Hungary, joined by Ottoman Turkey) and Allied Powers, (Britain, France, Russia and later Italy). ?
Following this 1863 battle, the Confederacy never launched another major invasion of the North, and they South lost a huge number of soldiers. The Union morale significantly improved, marking a critical turning point in the war.
What is the Battle of Gettysburg?
Those that opposed Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson's plans for Reconstruction.
Who were the Radical Republicans?
This invention was primarily used to fence private property, protect crops from roaming cattle, and mark land ownership
What is Barbed Wire?
Reduced the cost of making steel by more than 80% while making it stronger and more durable at the same time.
What is Bessemer Process?
Common during the Gilded Age, this practice involved employing children in factories, mines, and mills under dangerous conditions, prompting later reforms like the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.
What is child labor?
One big difference between the "Old Immigrants" and "New Immigrants" is that the New Immigrants ______________
Spoke very little English
Catholics
Poor
Southeastern Europe
Amendment that gave women the right to vote
What is the 19th Amendment?
A technique for selling more newspapers by sensationalizing and distorting the facts in stories written.
What is Yellow Journalism?
Because of Germany's use of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare, U.S. merchant ships would be escorted across the Atlantic escorted by Naval battleships in groups called ______________.
What are Convoys?
John Brown, Harriet Tubman, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Fredrick Douglas....
Who are Abolitionist?
These state and local laws, upheld by the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), enforced racial segregation under the doctrine of “separate but equal” for decades in the American South.
What are Jim Crow laws?
Crazy Horse surrounds General Custer and his 700 of his men killing almost 300 of them and also General Custer.
What is the Battle of Little Big Horn?
Thomas Edison invented ________
Alexander Graham Bell invented _____
Wright Brothers invented _______
What is Light Bulb?
What is telephone?
What is the Airplane?
Founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers, this labor organization focused on skilled workers and advocated for higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions through collective bargaining.
What is the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
Passed in 1882, this federal law was the first major legislation to restrict immigration based on nationality, targeting a specific Asian group due to rising nativist sentiment and labor competition.
Chinese Exclusion Act
This early 20th-century reform movement aimed to address the problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, and political corruption through government regulation, social justice, and expanded democracy
Progressive Movement
Spanish Ambassador wrote that the President of the United States was ,"weak" indicating that the Spanish were not being truthful with Cuba of the U.S.
What is The De Lome Letter?
The German Foreign Minister promised to return New Mexico, Arizona and Texas to Mexico if they would would attack the US.
What is the Zimmerman Note, (Telegram).
Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine was admitted as a free state. Also, slavery prohibited in any land from the Louisiana Purchase north of 36, 30'N.
What is the Missouri Compromise?
Enacted in Southern states immediately after the Civil War, these laws restricted the freedom of formerly enslaved people by controlling their movement, labor, and civil rights.
What are the Black Codes?
Threatened the survival of Indian culture.
Often the land was arid and infertile.
Would lead to the sell-off of Indian reservation land.
Prohibited Indians from selling the land given to them.
What is the Dawes Act?
He expressed his views of Philanthropy in his book, "The Gospel of Wealth".
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
Impersonal working conditions
Long working hours
Low wages
Lack of opportunity for advancement
Child Labor
What is Problems Faced by Industrial Workers?
The belief that native-born Americans were superior to others and that immigrants and their diverse cultural influences were undesirable.
What is Nativism?
Ida Tarbell revealed how Rockefeller's success was largely base on ruthless business practices.
What is, "The History of Standard Oil"?
He wrote, "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History?
Who is Alfred Thayer Mahan?
One sided information designed to persuade listeners.
HINT: During WWI, This was passed onto the public via, posters, political cartoons and The Committee of Public Information.
What is Propaganda?
Preservation of the Union
Abolition of Slavery
Tremendous loss of property and life
Power of the federal government strengthened
What is Consequences of the Civil War?
If a sharecropper owed any money to the landlord for a loan or use of his tools, he or she could not leave until the debt was paid off.
What is Debt Peonage?
Farmers faced an obstacle of not having wood, stone or clay to build their homes. They resolved this problem by
What is building Sod Houses?
This business strategy, used by industrialists like Andrew Carnegie, involves controlling every step of the production process—from raw materials to distribution—to reduce costs and increase profits.
What is vertical integration?
As a result of this disaster, new state laws providing safety and fire codes in factories
What is the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory?
As cities rapidly expanded during the Industrial Revolution, they faced these major problems—including overcrowding, poor sanitation, and unsafe housing—which fueled the rise of reform movements and tenement laws.
Problems of urbanization
Ratified in 1913, this amendment changed the way U.S. Senators were selected, shifting power from state legislatures to the people through direct election.
17 Amendment
As a result of this 1898 conflict, the United States emerged as a world power and gained control of territories including Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines through the Treaty of Paris.
Spanish American War
Brought an end to WWI.
Imposed harsh penalties on Germany including losing much of its territory, signing a War Guilt Clause and required to pay large repartations.
Included the League of Nations.
What is The Treaty of Versailles?
Although it did not free all enslaved people, this 1863 executive order shifted the focus of the Civil War to a moral crusade against slavery and discouraged European powers from recognizing the Confederacy.
What is the Emancipation Proclamation?
Despite the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, Reconstruction ultimately failed to protect African Americans' rights due to this 1877 political compromise, which ended federal military support in the South.
What is the Compromise of 1877?
This 19th-century belief, used to justify U.S. territorial expansion, claimed it was the nation’s divine right and duty to spread civilization and democracy from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
What is Manifest Destiny?
Allowed Floridians to export citrus, vegetables, tobacco, cotton, beef and cattle. Also brought tourist to Flagler's luxury hotels.
What is The Florida East Coast Railroad?
This 1886 labor protest in Chicago turned violent when a bomb was thrown at police, leading to public backlash against labor unions and the decline of the Knights of Labor.
What is the Haymarket Riot (or Haymarket Affair)?
Many of its ideas were later adapted such as, the direct election for senators. The Secret Ballot. Income Tax. 8 hour workday.
Populist Party Platform? (Omaha Platform)
Passed in 1890, this federal law aimed to curb monopolies by making it illegal to restrain trade or attempt to establish a monopoly, though it was initially used more against labor unions than big businesses.
Sherman Antitrust Act
Completed in 1914, this engineering project greatly reduced travel time between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, boosted U.S. global trade, and enhanced naval mobility.
Panama Canal
Demanded by President Wilson that it be included in the Treaty of Versailles.
Had no real army and depended on the goodwill of its members.
It would be rejected by the U.S. Senate
What is The League of Nations?