Industry and Cities
Movement of people from rural areas into cities
Urbanization
a company owns parts or all of the process of turning raw material into a finished product.
Vertical Integration
This term refers to the growth of and movement towards large cities.
Urbanization
This was the name for a series of laws throughout the South that forcibly segregated African Americans.
Jim Crow Laws
Most immigrants came through which major entry point on the East Coast?
Ellis Island
Name an issue that was created in cities due to Urbanization
Overcrowding, Crime, Sanitation, Fires, Racism/Bigotry
List 3 characteristics of working conditions of the average worker in the Gilded Age.
No weekends (for largest employers)
Others worked 12 hours a day, 6 days a week
No vacation, sick leave, unemployment compensation, or injury/accident reimbursement.
Jobs were very unsafe
No safety regulations
Many people died or lost limbs
Low wages
Child labor
This is the term for a collection of workers who fought for better working conditions.
Labor Unions
This landmark Supreme Court Case ruled that segregation was legal so long as public accommodations were "equal" in quality.
Plessy V Ferguson
Name one push factor that caused immigrants to come to America.
Poverty and worker uncertainty in home countries, Wars and political revolutions in home countries, Religious oppression, Overpopulation
Name the 3 major inventions that helped lead to the growth of industry and urban cities.
Bessemer Process, Telephone, Lightbulb
a company owns other businesses in the same industry
Horizontal Integration
This was the name for journalists in the Gilded Age who exposed corruption in politics and business.
Muckrakers
Outlawed trust that prevented free trade across state lines
Rarely enforced
Usually courts sided with business anyway
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
Name one pull factor that caused immigrants to come to America.
Plentiful land in America, Higher standard of living, Democracy, Social advancement
This is the name for when one company owns the entirety of the market for selling a given good or service.
Monopoly
Eliminated the Spoils System
Pendleton Civil Service Act
This was the belief that some were born smarter, stronger, or more hard working than others and were justified in making lots of money.
Social Darwinism
Monitored RR shipping rates
Only valid if crossed state lines
First fed agency to monitor business practices
Interstate Commerce Commission (1887)
This term refers to the prioritization of your own people from your own country to the exclusion of immigrants.
Nativism
Name the 4 major Captains of Industry and their business venture.
John Rockefeller- Oil, Andrew Carnegie- Steel, Cornelius Vanderbilt- Railroads, JP Morgan- Banking and Finance
Responsible for the Tammany Ring
Boss Tweed
Term coined by Mark Twain that characterized post-reconstruction as a façade of prosperity.
Gilded Age
13, 14, 15 Amendment
outlaws slavery (1865)
citizenship to former slaves (1867)
voting for formerly enslaved men (1870)
Name one piece of legislation that was passed as a response to increased immigration.
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the Immigration Act of 1882