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100
Ch. 12.3 - This Democrat won the presidency in the 1844 election, running on the expansionist campaign slogan of "54 Forty or Fight!"
Who is James K. Polk?
100
12.1 - What is a yoke?
A Yoke is a pair of oxen, used to cross the Oregon Trail
100
12.2 - Name one of the Americans that came to Texas looking for new opportunities:
Who is Stephen Austin, Davy Crockett, Sam Houston, James Bowie, etc.
100
Ch. 12 Review: Identify just 2 (two) of the following:
(Labeled A-M)
What is:
A - Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada)
B - Alaska (Orig. Russian claim, bought by U.S. in 1867)
C - Oregon Trail
D - California Trail
E - Mormon Trail
F - Canada / British North America
G - 54o 40'
H - Mexico / Mexican Cession
I - Louisiana Purchase / Unorganized U.S. Lands / Territory
J - South Pass
K - Pacific Ocean
L - Salt Lake City
M - Oregon's Willamete Valley
100
12.4 - Identify the area on the map:
What is the (provisional) State of Deseret?
200
12.3 This trader helped establish the Santa Fe Trail as a route of trade and settlement from Independence, MO to Santa Fe, New Mexico
Who is William Becknell?
(possible picture):
200
12.2 - What Battle started the Texas Revolution?
What is the Battle of Gonzales?
Gen. Santa Ana wanted his mini cannon back from the Texan settlers, they said no. Mexican army came, got driven off by the settlers. Here's a modern version of the flag they made:
200
12.1 - Name two of the dangers of the Oregon Trail:
What is crossing Rivers, diseases, animals (bites, attacks, trampling, etc.), getting crushed by wagon, malnutrition, starvation, thirst, etc.
200
Identify which of the following are the California Trail and Oregon Trails?
What is the yellow trail (California) and the green trail (Oregon)?
200
12.2 - Name a battle where the Texans lost badly:
Battle of the Alamo - Lost over 200 people, nearly all killed, including Davey Crockett, James Bowie, etc.
Battle of Goliad - Over 300 Texans captured, then executed by Gen. Santa Ana.
300
12.3 - This general was told by the president to camp out near the Rio Grande in disputed territory, and when he was attacked, the president used it to justify war with Mexico
Who is Zachary Taylor?
EC: The Pres. was...?
300
12.2 - Which two battles became battle cries for the Texas Revolution?
What is "Remember the Alamo" & "Remember Goliad"?
300
12.2 - Explain how the Texans beat General Santa Ana
What is the Battle of San Jacinto: Gen. Santa Ana split his army, then took up shelter on a bend of the river, and took their siesta. When they least expected it, Americans attacked, and captured Santa Ana, forcing him to sign a treaty saying they were free.
300
Identify both the Mormon Trail and the Santa Fe Trail?
What is the Red Trail (Mormon) and the Brown Trail (Santa Fe)?
300
12.3 - When Jedediah Smith arrived in California, he saw the Spanish / Mexican system of exploitation of the natives. It was called:
What is the Mission or Encomienda System, later replaced by the Ranchero System. See: https://calisphere.org/exhibitions/essay/3/missions-ranchos/ for more info.
400
Name at least two people responsible for helping settle the frontier at this time:
- Stephen Austin, with his land grants in Texas, leading to the settling of the old 300 and others like James Bowie, Davey Crockett, and Sam Houston to come to Texas looking for opportunities.
- Brigham Young, as leader of the LDS, convinced thousands to head West and settle in Utah.
- Sam Brannon, a former LDS convert, decides to stay in California, and then exploits the discovery of gold to kick off the Gold Rush.
- William Becknell, the founder of the Santa Fe Trail, which drew many to New Mexico
- Mountain Men in general, such as Broken Hand Fitzpatrick, Kit Carson, etc., who guided pioneers and explorers like John C. Fremont West to explore the Area.
400
12.1 - Describe the Whitman Massacre:
- Whitman Family head to Oregon in the 1830s, to convert the natives.
- Things go alright, but Oregon Trail heats up, settlers start arriving.
- Settlers bring Smallpox and measles, get everyone sick. Dr. Whitman helps all, but the Natives tend to not recover, while the white settlers do.
- Natives decide that Dr. Whitman is to blame, and massacre him, his wife, and a few other people.
400
12.3 - Summarize how the war with Mexico happened:
- Mexico gains independence.
- The U.S. is looking to expand, and follow "Manifest Destiny."
- Americans settle Texas, eventually rebel.
- Mexico wants Texas back, America wants Texas and the Mexican Cession / SW U.S. (California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, etc.).
- U.S. offers to buy it. Mexico says no.
- Polk sends Zachary Taylor to cause trouble near the disputed border with Mexico; it works, and Mexico attacks, giving Polk the excuse he needs to invade and attack Mexico.
- In the current U.S. territory, there is little resistance, and U.S. takes those territories quickly, but Mexico refuses to accept the taking of their land.
- U.S. sends armies into Mexico, firmly defeating the Mexicans after several bloody battles, eventually taking Mexico City.
- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed, giving the Mexican Cession to the U.S., along with a $15 million payment, ending the war and giving the U.S. Texas and the American Southwest.
400
Identify B, C, D, & E on the following map:
What is:
B: Oregon Country
C: Mexican Cession
D: Texas
E: Gadsden Purchase
400
12.4 - Summarize what led the LDS to settle Utah
- The LDS had a variety of different beliefs from their fellow Americans, including:
- Sharing things in common / communism
- Polygamy (multiple wives)
- Addt'l scripture (the Book of Mormon), etc.
- This seemed weird to Americans, so they ended up not getting along with others, first in New York, then Ohio, then Missouri, then Illinois (where their leader Joseph Smith was killed).
- They finally heading West (under Brigham Young), eventually to Utah, where they settled, and struggled for statehood till 1896.