Reconstruction
This amendment formally ended slavery.
13 Amendment
African American, Chinese, and Irish laborers were primarily involved in the construction of this between 1862 and 1869.
The Transcontinental Railroad
This French word means that the government does not interfere in the economy but really it refers to the lack of governmental regulation, not governmental support.
Laissez-faire
A law that severely limited the number of Chinese immigrants that could enter the United States and barred all Chinese laborers for decades.
The Chinese Exclusion Act
A movement dedicated to winning the right to vote for women in the United States.
Women's Suffrage
The President of the United States during the Spanish-American War.
William McKinley
This amendment that gave all men the right to vote, regardless of race.
15th Amendment
Native American tribes were rounded up and forced to settle on these in order to open up their traditional homelands for white American settlement.
Reservations (Reservation System)
This is an organization of workers that negotiates with employers for higher wages, better working conditions, and provides social opportunities to its members.
Union
The port of entry located in New York Harbor where most European immigrants entered the United States.
Ellis Island
Investigative journalists who sought to expose corruption in big business and government.
Muckrakers
American cavalry regiment led by Theodore Roosevelt that was made famous during their campaign in Cuba.
The Rough Riders
He was the President during Reconstruction.
Andrew Johnson
The belief that God required white Americans to settle the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific coasts.
Manifest Destiny
A negotiating tactic wherein workers refuse to work until their employers are willing to meet their demands.
Strike
Nativism
He was a Progress President who was known as the "Trust Buster" and promised citizens a "Square Deal" wherein the government would ensure fairness by breaking up bad trusts, regulating industry, and protecting the environment.
Theodore Roosevelt
A major battle that pitted American forces against the Spanish in the Philippines and was a decisive victory following the destruction of the Spanish Fleet.
Battle of Manila Bay
This was a terrorist organization created to intimidate African Americans with violence in order to maintain white supremacy.
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
The plan to add silver to the traditional gold standard as a backing for the U.S.'s paper money supply.
Bimetalism
He was the owner of the Standard Oil Company who created a monopoly on kerosene and gasoline.
John D. Rockefeller
This word is used to describe the shifting of American society from living in largely rural farming communities to big cities.
Urbanization
Muckraker who wrote The Jungle, which exposed horrific labor and sanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry and which caused an outcry leading to the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.
Upton Sinclair
United States' policy to ensure equal trade and investment for all nations in China.
Open-Door Policy
Group of Congressman that wanted to guarantee African Americans equal civil rights.
Radical Republicans
A famous speech given by the Democratic Candidate for the 1896 election which supported Populists' goals of easy money to pay back debts.
Cross of Gold Speech
He created a monopoly on steel production and his attempts to crush organized labor resulted in the Homestead Strike.
Andrew Carnegie
This was a pseudo-scientific theory that proclaimed certain races of people to be more highly evolved, especially economically successful, white, Anglo-Saxons; it was used to justify discrimination against minority groups, immigrants, and the poor.
Social Darwinism
Settlement Houses (Settlement House Movement)
Roosevelt aided the Panamanian revolt against this country in order to gain access to the Canal Zone.
Columbia
This created a system of economic exploitation called debt peonage wherein freedpeople who were forced to work for white landowners until they could pay off their debts.
Sharecropping
An 1862 law which granted 160 acres of land out West to any citizen with $5 who would agree to occupy the land and improve it.
The Homestead Act
This process attempts to create a monopoly by controlling all of the steps of the production and distribution of a product.
Vertical Integration
He was the leader of Tammany Hall political machine in New York City who was ultimately taken down by the political cartoons of Thomas Nast.
William "Boss" Tweed
One of the earliest and most influential supporters of the preservation of wilderness in the U.S., he took the President camping in Yosemite Valley in an effort to get support for federal conservation and environmental activism.
John Muir
This territory was annexed by the U.S. during the Spanish-American War in order to have a coal refueling station in the Pacific to refuel ships heading to the Philippines.
Hawaii
This was the derogatory name for Northerners who came South for political and economic reasons but were seen by Southerners taking advantage of Reconstruction for personal gain.
Carpetbaggers
An 1887 law which divided reservation into small plots in order to force Native Americans to assimilate to white American farming habits, but which ultimately resulted in a loss of most tribal lands to settlers.
The Dawes Act
This disturbance in Chicago in 1886 began when someone threw a bomb at police during a peaceful labor protest.
The Haymarket Riot
These multi-family apartment buildings were photographed by Jacob Riis in order to bring attention to the overcrowded, dilapidated, and unsanitary conditions poor people were forced to live in.
Tenements
This amendment prohibited the sale and distribution of alcohol in the United States.
18th Amendment (Prohibition)
Initially welcoming the Americans as liberators, Emilio Aguinaldo led this country in a bloody 7-year fight for their continued independence from the U.S.
The Philippines