Migration & Farming
Why did many people, including African Americans, want to move west after the Civil War?
The Homestead Act gave people free land if they lived on it for 5 years. African Americans wanted a chance at a better life due to the failed policies of Reconstruction.
What is vertical integration and horizontal integration? Provide an example of each.
Vertical integration is the control of all phases of production from start to finish. An example is the steel industry, they owned the mines, the transportation, the mills and sold the finished product. Horizontal integration is the purchasing of competitors who offer the same goods or services to reduce the number of competitors and achieve control within an industry.
What is Americanization and what were its impacts?
Americanization is trying to immerse immigrants into the American culture and transform them into "true" Americans. Some immigrants embraced it, others did their best to keep their original cultures.
What does "annex" mean and how is it related to our class?
Annex means take possession of. The United States annexed Hawaii is one way it relates to our class.
What are the three causes of imperialism?
Anglo-saxonism (the idea that the western European way is the best and everyone else is a barbarian), Military bases (strategic locations in the Pacific Ocean to gain power), Overseas Markets (new resources and places to sell our goods)
What technology helped farmers on the plains?
John Deere invented a plow that could break through the tough prairie soil. Cyrus McCormick invented a reaper that helped harvest grain. Steamed power threshers to process wheat and corn. Barbed wire fence and a machine that could produce wire on a large scale.
Who invented the telephone?
Alexander Graham Bell
What were the conditions in Progressive Era cities and what reforms were taken to improve those conditions?
Cities had horse manure and garbage in the streets, illnesses spread easily, water was not safe to drink. There was a lot of fires and criminal acts. City governments were also very corrupt. To improve these conditions people began to organize into a movement called progressivism to tackle these issues.
Define "Open Door Policy" and its significance.
Open Door Policy protected trading rights of foreign powers in China and would keep China free from colonization. It benefited China economically but little else for them.
What are the four causes of the Spanish-American War?
Yellow Journalism, Sinking of USS Marine, Reconcentration policy, deLome letter
What is the difference between sharecropping and tenant farming?
Sharecroppers worked for a landowner that provided them with the basic necessities for farming. Sharecroppers worked the land and turned most of their crops over to landowners to sell. Sharecroppers rarely sold enough to become independent farmers. Tenant farming was similar expect tenant farmers picked what they grew and kept all the profit from their crops.
What contributions did the railroad industry make to the U.S. economy?
They allowed goods and people to travel easier from coast to coast.
What years are known as the Gilded Age and why?
The Gilded Age was 1870-1900 and this period was called the Gilded Age because the wealth of cities hid their corruption.
What is "yellow journalism" and how did it influence public opinion?
Yellow journalism was newspapers publishing sensational headlines in order to stir emotion in order to sell more newspapers. The original click-bait.
What were the outcomes of the Spanish-American War?
Outcomes of the Spanish-American War: Cuba gained independence from Spain but the US controlled its treaties (Platt Amendment), U.S. gained Guam, Philippines, Puerto Rico.
What was the Farmers Alliance and what was the Populist Party?
The Farmer's Alliance was a group of farmers who united to protest. The Populist Party is a political party that was formed by the Farmer's Alliance to bring their issues nationally.
What was the American Telephone and Telegraph Company originally responsible for?
They were originally responsible for building and operating long-distance telephone lines for American Bell.
What are poll taxes and who did they affect?
A poll tax was a special tax that had to be paid before being able to register to vote or take a literacy test. It prevented African Americans from voting.
Explain "Dollar Diplomacy" and its impact on Latin America.
Dollar Diplomacy was the use of a country's financial power to extend its international influence. U.S. banks paid off debts of Latin American countries. In exchange: US banks took over infrastructure in Latin American countries, US sent troops to protect US interests in those countries
How did the Roosevelt Corollary impact US imperialism?
It said the U.S. would ensure stability in Latin America (in order to keep Europe out). It gave the US the ability to intervene in Latin American affairs.
What were the impacts of mining and farming on the economy and society?
What were some inventions of African Americans and women during the late 1800s?
George Washington Carver (developed oils, flour, soaps and cosmetics out of peanuts), Lewis Latimer (Part of Thomas Edison's team, invented a process for manufacturing the carbon filaments for inside of lightbulbs), Elijah McCoy (developed a lubricating cup to allow train engines to run more efficiently for longer periods of time) Margaret Knight (Rotary engine, sewing machine, 25 other patents) Josephine Garis Cochrane (First to use pressurized water to clean dishes)
Explain the concept of "separate but equal"
Separate but equal was used to describe segregation in the US. It allowed segregation by saying that even though Black people and white people didn't have access to the same facilities they were still equal. In reality the Black facilities were not as well maintained or funded as the white ones.
What is the Bessemer process and how did it impact the steel industry?
The Bessemer Process is where workers forced air through molten pig iron to remove impurities. By doing this first it made the process of transforming iron into steel cheaper and more efficient.
What is big stick diplomacy?
speak softly but carry a big stick (be nice but show how strong our military is)