Exploration & Motivation
What were the three main goals of European explorers during the 1400s and 1500s?
God, Gold, and Glory
What country sponsored Christopher Columbus’s voyage in 1492?
Spain
What were Spanish conquerors and soldiers called?
Conquistadors
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The movement of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
What was the main goal of Spanish colonization in the Americas?
To gain wealth and spread Christianity
Who was the Portuguese prince who started a school for navigation?
Prince Henry the Navigator
What did Columbus believe he had found when he reached the Caribbean?
A route to Asia (the Indies)
Who led the expedition that defeated the Aztec Empire?
Hernán Cortés
Name one crop that traveled from the Americas to Europe.
Corn, potatoes, or tomatoes
What was the name of the large Spanish war fleet sent to attack England in 1588?
Spanish Armada
What was the name of the small, fast ship that could sail against the wind?
Caravel
What was the first island Columbus landed on called?
San Salvador
Who was the Aztec emperor defeated by the Spanish?
Moctezuma II
Name one animal that Europeans brought to the Americas.
Horses, pigs, or cattle
Who was Bartolomé de Las Casas and what did he do?
A Spanish priest who spoke out against mistreatment of Native Americans
What instrument helped sailors navigate by using the stars?
Astrolabe
What agreement divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal?
Treaty of Tordesillas
Who conquered the Inca Empire in South America?
Francisco Pizarro
What deadly disease did Europeans bring to the New World?
Smallpox
What was the result of the Spanish Armada’s defeat?
England and France began exploring and colonizing North America
Which explorer successfully sailed around Africa to India in 1497?
Vasco da Gama
Which explorer’s crew became the first to sail all the way around the world?
Ferdinand Magellan
What system allowed Spanish settlers to tax Native Americans or make them work?
Encomienda System
What was one positive and one negative effect of the Columbian Exchange?
Positive: new foods; Negative: spread of disease
What were large farms that grew cash crops using slave labor called?
Plantations