Frederick Douglass
What was Frederick Douglass's birth status?
He was born into slavery.
What are the two key clauses in the 14th Amendment that have been used to expand civil rights?
The Equal Protection Clause and the Due Process Clause.
What was the name of the federal agency created to help freed slaves and poor whites after the Civil War?
The Freedmen's Bureau.
What was the primary charge used to impeach President Andrew Johnson?
Violating the Tenure of Office Act (by firing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton).
What horrific practice did Ida B. Wells famously crusade against?
Lynching.
How did Douglass escape from slavery?
He disguised himself as a sailor and took a train to the North, using borrowed identification papers.
Which amendment says the right to vote cannot be denied based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"?
The 15th Amendment.
What were the laws passed by Southern states to restrict the freedom of African Americans called?
Black Codes.
What was the system called that allowed white landowners to loan supplies to sharecroppers in exchange for a high share of their future harvest, often trapping them in debt?
The crop-lien system.
What event in 1892 sparked Ida B Wells' full-time anti-lynching campaign?
The lynching of her three friends (Thomas Moss, Calvin McDowell, and Will Stewart) whose successful grocery store competed with a white-owned store.
Besides abolition, what other major social cause did Douglass fiercely advocate for?
Women's suffrage (the right for women to vote). He was the only African American to attend the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848.
Which Supreme Court case famously ruled that racial segregation was constitutional under the "separate but equal" doctrine, undermining the 14th Amendment?
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).
Which president took office after Abraham Lincoln was assassinated and clashed with Congress over Reconstruction?
Andrew Johnson.
What was the name of the deal that resulted in the removal of federal troops from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction?
The Compromise of 1877.
What was Booker T Washington's famous 1895 speech that advocated for economic cooperation over immediate social equality?
The Atlanta Compromise speech.
What government positions did Douglass hold after the Civil War?
U.S. Marshal for the District of Columbia, Recorder of Deeds for Washington, D.C., and Minister to Haiti.
Which amendment was passed in response to the discriminatory Black Codes?
The 14th Amendment.
What was the name of the group of Congressmen who wanted to secure full civil rights for freedmen and take a harsh stance toward the South?
Radical Republicans.
What was the derogatory term for white Southern Republicans who supported Reconstruction policies?
Scalawags.
What was the unique charge Jefferson Davis was arrested for after the war? (He was never tried for it).
Treason against the United States.
What was Douglass's birth name?
Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey.
What did the 13th Amendment allow that, according to many historians, created a loophole leading to the system of convict leasing in the South?
The clause "except as a punishment for a crime" allowed states to force prisoners to work, leading to the abusive convict leasing system that targeted Black Americans.
What is the term for a farmer who rents land and pays the landowner with a share of the crops?
Sharecropper.
Which series of laws passed by Congress in 1870-71 were designed to protect the voting rights of African Americans and suppress the KKK?
The Enforcement Acts (or the Ku Klux Klan Acts).
Ida B Wells was a founding member of which prominent civil rights organization in 1909?
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). (She is often considered a founding member though she later distanced herself from the organization).