US History Progressive Era

Vocab Terms

100

Crowded city apartments, usually with immigrants

Immigrants caused the Lower East Side in New York City to be the most densely packed place on earth

Tenement

200

NATIVISM

• Hate towards immigrants
• Nativists thought immigrants took jobs from American born natives
• Nativists were against Jews and Catholics

300

WORKING CONDITIONS DURING THE GILDED AGE

• 6 days a week, 12 hours a day, no vacation days, no sick days
• 675 laborers killed each week in the US
• Child labor:  20% of boys and 10% of girls under 15 (some as young as five)

400

THE “GILDED AGE” 1865-EARLY 1900s

• The nickname of the big business era after the Civil War that lasted until the early 1900s
• Also known as the Era of Industrialization and the Era of Big Business
• The time of the monopolies, factories, tenements, immigration, and political bosses

500

 COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

• How unions negotiate for better working conditions
• The unions negotiate as a group instead of individual workers

IMMIGRATION

100

OLD IMMIGRATION

• Northern & Western Europe: Irish and German

200

NEW IMMIGRATION

• Southern & Eastern Europe: Italian, Russian, plus Japanese & Chinese

300

Definition for ASSIMILATION THEORY OF IMMIGRATION 

• Immigrants adapting to the American culture and learning English

400

What country is Ms. Courtney from?

Ireland

500

 MELTING POT THEORY OF IMMIGRATION

America is a mix of cultures and our country benefits from the different ideas

Famous People

100

Who is John D Rockefeller

• Standard Oil: Monopoly that controlled 90% of oil refining

• Built his own pipeline to avoid railroad shipping
• Bought out rivals, forced discounts from other companies, used ruthless tactics, undercut his competition
• Later invested in petroleum (gasoline)

200

Who is CORNELIUS VANDERBILT

• Started with an empire in shipping
• Built a massive railroad empire, by buying up railroad companies cheap in the stock market
• Built Grand Central Terminal in New York City
• Got taken by Gould and Fisk in a watered down stock sale of the Eerie Railroad
• Big Philanthropist:  started Vanderbilt University and built many churches

300

Who is ANDREW CARNEGIE

• Born in Scotland
• Used steel for his Keystone Bridge Company
• Used the Bessemer Process to mass produce steel faster and cheaper
• Formed Carnegie Steel which became a huge success
• His steel was used to build the skyscrapers of US cities

400

Who is JP MORGAN 

• Started in his fathers finance and banking company
• Invested in electricity, eventually buying out Thomas Edison to create General Electric
• “Morganization” – reorganized companies, combined competitors, laid off workers, and increased profits
• Bailed out the US government treasury with a $100 million loan

500

Who is PRESIDENT TEDDY ROOSEVELT: “TRUST BUSTER”

• Governor of New York and then became Vice President
• President McKinley, who supported big business, was assassinated
• TR used the Sherman Anti-trust act to break up “bad” monopolies
• Some monopolies he called “good” and did not break them up

Important Dates

100

July 4th, 1776

America declared its Independence from England

200

1803

LOUISIANA PURCHASE or Marbury v Madison

300

1861-1865

The Civil War

400

Jamestown (Virginia)

1607

500

March 25th, 1911

The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Misc

100

• Nurse in the Civil War
• Changed the way the wounded were treated
• Founded the American Red Cross

Clara Barton

200

• A book about the horrors of slavery, which shocked many readers in the north
• Became the best selling novel of the decade and was second only to the Bible in sales

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE UNCLE TOM’S CABIN

300

• A rebellion of Massachusetts farmers  who were in debt
• Showed the weakness of the Articles of Confederation, because the federal government didn’t have enough power to help stop the rebellion
• KEY TERM REBELLION

SHAYS’ REBELLION

400

• Told Europe not to colonize any more of the Western Hemisphere

MONROE DOCTRINE (1823)

500

1838

The Trail of Tears