Education & Social Reform
Who is known as the “father of American public education” for advocating school reform and teacher training in the 19th century?
Horace Mann
Which former enslaved person became a leading abolitionist speaker and published the newspaper The North Star?
Frederick Douglass
Which president called his reform program “A Square Deal” and earned a reputation as a “trustbuster”?
Theodore Roosevelt
What is the basic labor tactic of workers organizing collectively to negotiate wages and conditions called?
Collective bargaining (or unionization)
Name the early-20th-century leader who argued Black Americans should focus on economic self-help through vocational training and founded the Tuskegee Institute.
Booker T. Washington
Which reformer worked to remove the mentally ill from prisons and place them into specialized institutions for treatment?
Dorothea Dix
Who led the most famous “conductor” role on the Underground Railroad, helping many enslaved people escape?
Harriet Tubman
What 1890 law was intended to break up monopolies but initially proved weak and was often interpreted against labor?
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
Which 1911 industrial disaster that killed many mostly young women helped spur workplace safety reforms and support for unions?
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)
Which 1909 organization was founded to fight for immediate political and legal rights for African Americans?
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
Name the 1963 book that helped launch the modern feminist movement and its author.
Betty Friedan — The Feminine Mystique
Which white radical abolitionist edited The Liberator and helped found the American Anti-Slavery Society?
William Lloyd Garrison
Name the Supreme Court case that limited federal power to break monopolies (the sugar monopoly case).
United States v. E. C. Knight Co.
Name the 1935 New Deal law that guaranteed workers the right to unionize and created a federal agency to oversee labor relations.
Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act, 1935)
What 1965 landmark federal law removed barriers to voting for many African Americans, especially in the South?
Voting Rights Act (1965)
Which 1972 federal law expanded educational and athletic opportunities for girls and women in schools and colleges?
Title IX (Educational Amendments Act of 1972)
Name the 1859 raid on a federal arsenal led by a radical abolitionist aiming to spark a slave uprising.
John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry
Which act created the Interstate Commerce Commission, an early attempt to regulate railroads (passed in 1887)?
Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
Which 1894 nationwide strike was led by Eugene V. Debs and was stopped by federal intervention?
Pullman Strike (1894)
Which 19th-century federal policy forcibly removed southeastern Native American tribes west of the Mississippi, leading to the Trail of Tears?
Indian Removal Act (1830)
Identify the first female Cabinet member, who helped write key New Deal legislation such as the Social Security Act.
Frances Perkins
Which enslaved leader’s revolt in 1831 led to harsher slave codes in the South?
Nat Turner
Identify the 1914 law that created a federal agency authorized to issue “cease and desist” orders to stop unfair business practices.
Federal Trade Commission Act (1914)
What 1947 law (passed over a presidential veto) restricted union power and allowed the president to impose an 80-day cooling-off period?
Taft-Hartley Act (1947)
Name the 1962 book that exposed the environmental and health dangers of pesticides and helped inspire the modern environmental movement.
Rachel Carson — Silent Spring