Unit 1: 1865 - 1900
He wanted soft peace - lenient, valued states rights, wanted to pardon Confederates/quickly move on from the Civil War in order to rebuild the country
What were three goals of the Progressive movement?
Improve social conditions, raise awareness about problems, moral improvement (religious revival), create economic reform, rid government of corruption, improve working conditions
Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover belonged to which political party? What did this party believe at the time?
Republican - "Return to Normalcy", isolationism, pro-business, low taxes, laissez faire policies, little government interference overall
What was the official end of WWII? How was this planned?
President Truman ordering the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki - developed via the Manhattan Project
Removal, Elimination, Resistance, Assimilation,
What was the 18th Amendment? What were three effects of it?
Prohibition of alcohol - Rise of organized crime, bribery of politicians and police, more alcohol related deaths due to bootleg production, speakeasies, flappers, etc.
Who did Americans blame for the Great Depression? What actions against the Great Depression were taken by this person that led to their failure?
What two foreign policies were used by the United States prior to officially entering WWII
Cash-Carry - U.S. would supply weapons to countries if they paid in cash and transported the weapons themselves
U.S. allies could no longer afford to fight Germany under the Cash-Carry policy
Lend-Lease - U.S. loaned weapons and resources to allies like Great Britain and France and officially moved the U.S. out of neutrality
What caused the creation of the KKK in 1866, and what legislation was passed in response to the KKK?
Civil War Amendments caused the creation of the KKK - white Southerners angry over newly granted rights to African Americans
13th - Abolished slavery (except in the case of federal punishment)
14th - Granted citizenship to African Americans
15th - Gave voting rights to African American males
Enforcement/Force Acts - Made it a crime to interfere with blacks' rights; goal was to limit the power of the KKK, but overall this was poorly enforced
Why did the U.S. enter WWI?
Zimmerman Telegram and the sinking of the Lusitania/unrestricted submarine warfare from Germany
What were the Palmer Raids? What larger concept is this an example of? Why did this become a problem during this period?
Government hunted down suspected Communists and illegally raided their homes and workplaces and imprisoned them. This is an example of the Red Scare - fear over Communism, Socialism, and Anarchism. This was a result of the Russian Revolution in 1917 - the first Communist/Socialist revolution on a large scale
What was Executive Order 9066?
FDR called for the internment of Japanese Americans after Pearl Harbor and fears that they would threaten national security
The Compromise of 1877 stated what?
Gave Rutherford B. Hayes (Republicans) the Presidency, and in return the military districts in the South were dissolved and Democrats retook control of Southern politics
Who were Jacob Riis and Upton Sinclair?
Upton Sinclair - Author of "The Jungle" - described poor labor and unsanitary conditions in meatpacking plants. Led to the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act
3 causes for the Great Depression
Stock Market Crash of 1929, people buying on credit without being able to pay off their debts, no regulations or restrictions on banks, poor farming conditions, overproduction of goods, factories closing as demand for goods went down, banks were forced to close and could not pay customers back after the stock market crash
What happened at Yalta?
Yalta conference between Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin. Deemed a "victory" for the USSR - they gained more territory and power on an international scale. First tensions of the Cold War begin here.
What government policy led to the industrial boom, and what are two things that happened as a result of industrialization?
Laissez faire policies - Government did not have regulations or restrictions on businesses/industry
Increase in immigrant labor, poor working conditions and pay, long working hours, child labor, urbanization
What were the three main examples of American imperialism we discussed? What were outcomes of each of these?
Spanish-American War - Gained Puerto Rico and Guam, bought Philippines, treaty with Cuba
Open Door Policy in China - Equal trading opportunities for all countries with China, mostly benefitted the United States
Building of the Panama Canal - Cut costs for shipping, benefitted the U.S. economy, U.S. controlled maritime routes, established a presence in Central America
What was Franklin D. Roosevelt's plan to fix the Great Depression? What were 2 examples of this?
The New Deal - WPA created millions of jobs, CCC worked on environmental conservation and protection, recovery of the economy, aiding the unemployed and homeless, government regulations on banks and businesses, government spending to stimulate the economy
Two examples of Containment
Containing Communism/not letting it spread.
Truman Doctrine - $400 million to Greece and Turkey to fight against Communist influence
Marshall Plan - $13.3 billion to rebuilding countries in Europe in order to promote Democracy and Capitalism