Post Reconstruction
Westward Expansion
Populist
Industrialization
Labor Unions/Political Corruption
Urbanization
100
What Supreme Court Case established the “Separate But Equal” doctrine that established Jim Crow Laws in the South
Plessy v. Ferguson
100
What term describes America’s belief that they were destined by God to expand across the North American continent?
Manifest Destiny
100
What was the name of the organization created to cultivate a farmers community through education and co-ops that was started by Oliver Kelly in 1867?
The Grange
100
What is an economic policy of minimum governmental interference in the economic affairs of individuals and society?
Laissez-Faire Economics
100
List working conditions during the 2nd Industrial Age that contributed to the start of Labor Unions.
Long hours, low wages, dangerous working conditions
100
What was the name of divided living spaces within one building, that typically lacked indoor plumbing, adequate lighting, or ventilation and were associated with slums?
Tenements
200
Explain how Vagrancy Laws were used to circumvent the end of slavery.
If black men didn't have a job, they could be arrested and forced back into slavery.
200
What was the significance of the completion of the transcontinental railroad?
It connected the East and West coast.
200
What organization worked on behalf of farmers by lobbying to the government and created a list of economic and political reforms known as the Ocala Demands?
Farmer's Alliance
200
What is the name of a business that gains complete control of a product or service?
Monopoly
200
What act contributed to the end of the spoils system by requiring competitive exams to get government jobs?
Pendleton Civil Service Act
200
What was the first law to restrict immigration of a particular nationality into the U.S.? It also prevented members of that nationality already in the U.S. from gaining citizenship.
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
300
List at least 3 ways in which African Americans were disenfranchised.
Poll tax, grandfather clause, literacy test, violence, property test
300
What is assimilation?
The process of a minority group taking on the customs or culture of a majority group.
300
Why did farmers have a problem with banks and railroads?
They believed railroads had a monopoly and were charging unfair shipping rates and that banks were charging unfair interest rates on loans they needed for commercial farming equipment.
300
What did the Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act do?
Interstate Commerce Act - required railroads to charge reasonable rates and prohibited price discrimination.
Sherman Antitrust Act - outlawed monopolistic business practices that limit competition.
300
What is a political party’s organization that wins voter loyalty and guarantees power to a small group of leaders who often abuse it for their own gain. (They were especially influential over immigrants)
Political Machines
300
what is an intense mistrust and dislike of foreigners by the native-born population?
Nativism
400
Explain the difference between the philosophies of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois.
Booker T Washington took a passive approach encouraging blacks to focus on education or developing a trade and not resisting Jim Crow Laws. Du Bois was more direct and wanted immediate equality and for blacks to have access to all civil rights granted by the Constitution.
400
List 3 industries that grew economically due to Manifest Destiny.
Cattle, mining, farming, railroad
400
Who gave the Cross of Gold Speech and what was the point of the speech?
William Jennings Bryan - the speech was made in support of bimetallism arguing that the Gold Standard hurt the economy and was bad for farmers.
400
List 3 Captains of Industry of the Gilded Age and the industry they were associated with.
John Rockefeller - Oil Industry
Andrew Carnegie - Steel Industry
Cornelius Vanderbilt - Railroad Industry
400
How was the American Federation of Labor different from the Knights of Labor?
The AFL only represented skilled male workers and didn't fight for social or economic change.
400
What is Americinization and how did settlement houses contribute to Americinization?
The process of influencing outsiders to adopt the American way of life and thinking. Settlement houses helped immigrants learn English, taught them how to dress and style like Americans, and provided American education to immigrant children.
500
List the Reconstruction amendments and describe what each did.
13th - Abolished slavery
14th - Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law for all naturalized citizens, including former slaves
15th - Prohibited discrimination of voting rights based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude
500
What was the primary difference between the Homestead Act and Dawes Act as it related to Native Americans?
The Homestead Act resulted in Native American land being taken exclusively to give to white settlers. The Dawes Act redistributed some Indian land back to Natives who were willing to assimilate into American culture.
500
How did populists want to improve democracy and decrease the wage gap?
They wanted direct election of senators to reduce government corruption and a graduated income tax so that the rich paid more in taxes.
500
Explain Horizontal & Vertical Integration and give an example of each.
Horizontal - When a company buys or merges with companies in the same industry. ex: Rockefeller buying other oil companies to form the standard oil company
Vertical - When a company buys elements of its supply chain to reduce cost and third-party dependency. ex: Andrew Carnegie bought or controlled companies that produced raw materials used in his steel products.
500
What precedent was set by the results of the Pullman strike which hurt the cause of labor unions?
The government forced strikers back to work due to mail stoppage which empowered businesses to lean on the courts to stop strikes.
500
List 2 differences between old and new immigrants.
