Industrial Giant
Between 1860 and 1900, the share of American workers who were farmers fell to about this percent.
What is 40 percent?
Buying 22 of 26 rival Cleveland refineries is an example of this strategy.
What is horizontal integration?
Italy, Poland, Russia, and Greece were home countries of these immigrants who came from about 1890 to 1920.
Who are the "new immigrants"?
He led the Knights of Labor.
Who is Terence Powderly?
This Progressive reform lets voters remove an elected official before the term ends.
What is the recall?
Edison's Menlo Park lab turned invention from a lone genius into this: a team of inventors working together.
What is an organized business?
This partner of Rockefeller used his oil fortune to build the Florida East Coast Railway, reaching Key West in 1912.
Who is Henry Flagler?
Because of the Chinese Exclusion Act, Chinese immigrants were held for weeks or months at this station, where some carved poems into the walls.
What is Angel Island?
The AFL's "bread and butter" goals were higher wages, safer work, and this.
What are shorter hours?
Theodore Roosevelt's program promising fair treatment for business, workers, and consumers.
What is the Square Deal?
Despite laissez-faire, the government helped railroads grow by giving them this.
What are land grants?
This 1887 law required "reasonable and just" railroad rates, banned secret rebates, and created a commission that was weak at first.
What is the Interstate Commerce Act?
Unlike the Chinese Exclusion Act, this 1907 to 1908 deal with Japan was an informal agreement, not an act of Congress.
What is the Gentlemen's Agreement?
At Carnegie's Homestead plant in 1892, the company brought in these armed guards, and the state militia later crushed the union.
Who are the Pinkerton guards?
In Source G (1906), Roosevelt gave muckrakers their name in this speech, warning that writers who only attack can mislead the public.
What is "The Man with the Muck-Rake"?
The son of people who escaped slavery, he improved the carbon filament and later worked with Edison's company.
Who is Lewis Latimer?
The Sherman Antitrust Act was weak early on partly because courts even used it against these groups instead of trusts.
What are labor unions?
Source D's author founded Hull House and described newcomers as "densely ignorant of civic duties."
Who is Jane Addams?
In Source E, Gompers asked for justice for workers (1893), but his 1905 letter supported keeping out workers from this country.
What is China?
Unlike Booker T. Washington, this leader demanded full equal rights for African Americans right away.
Who is W.E.B. Du Bois?
The Bessemer process made this material cheap, leading to more railroads, bridges, and skyscrapers.
What is steel?
In Source A, "Wealth" (1889), this industrialist argued the rich should give their money away to help society.
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
Source F's author, a Tammany Hall insider, defended "honest graft."
Who is George Washington Plunkitt?
At Pullman (1894), the federal troops that ended the strike were sent by this president.
Who is Grover Cleveland?
This 1913 amendment let Congress tax incomes, giving the federal government more money and power.
What is the 16th Amendment?