Asian Migration
What is the estimated time frame during which the first people are believed to have arrived in America?
Between 15,000 and 30,000 years ago.
What was the most important crop cultivated by Native Americans during the agricultural revolution?
Maize (corn)
How did the environment influence the culture of Native Americans in the West?
They adapted their lifestyles based on climate and geography.
Why was Africa important for trade?
Lots of resources, 'center' of the world
What political system developed in Western Europe characterized by the exchange of land for loyalty?
Feudalism.
What types of evidence do scientists study to learn about the origins of early Americans?
Scientists study skulls, bones, teeth, and DNA.
Define a civilization.
A highly organized society characterized by trade, government, the arts, science, and often, a written language.
What adaptations did Native Americans in the Southwest make to survive?
They farmed drought-resistant varieties of corn, Housing
How did the introduction of camels affect trade in West Africa?
It opened up long-distance trade routes through the Sahara.
What is manorialism?
The economic system where peasants provided services in exchange for protection from lords.
From which continent did the earliest Americans likely migrate?
Asia
Which culture is considered the first civilization in America?
The Olmec culture.
Describe the lifestyle of nomadic Native Americans between the Sierra Nevada and the Rocky Mountains.
They moved frequently to hunt and gather food.
What was the demand for gold driven by in North Africa and Europe?
The use of gold coins by Muslim states and countries in Europe.
How did feudalism contribute to warfare in Western Europe?
The lack of a strong central government led to frequent conflicts between nobles.
What is the significance of DNA in understanding the migration of ancient peoples to America?
DNA helps trace genetic links and origins of early populations.
Where did the Olmec culture originate?
Near present-day Veracruz, Mexico.
What resources were available to Native American groups in California?
Abundant wildlife, acorns, and fish.
Describe the early trade practices involving enslaved Africans.
Enslaved people were often captured in war and traded for goods.
What role did serfs play in the feudal system?
They worked the land and were bound to the manor, unable to leave without permission.
How do scientists determine the routes taken by early migrants to America?
By analyzing archaeological evidence and genetic data.
How did agriculture change the lifestyle of early Native Americans in Mesoamerica?
It allowed them to settle in permanent villages and store food.
How did the variations in climate and geography shape the different Native American cultures?
Different resources and living conditions led to diverse lifestyles and practices.
How did the dynamics of slavery change when Arabs began trading for enslaved Africans?
It became more systematic and widespread, with enslaved people being used for labor on plantations.
How did the economy of Western Europe begin to improve around A.D. 1000?
Increased trade and agricultural advancements contributed to economic growth.