Pre-Columbian
This pre-Columbian indigenous city is considered the largest and is situtated along the Mississippi River near modern-day St. Louis.
Cahokia
This is the year Christopher Columbus sailed west toward Asia.
1492
This was England's first attempt at colonization. What year did this first attempt happen?
Roanoke in 1585 and 1587.
Which war pitted England and its colonists against France and its native allies?
Seven Years' War
This founding father wrote the Declaration of Independence.
Thomas Jefferson
These three sisters were crops planted together, creating a symbiotic relationship as each relied on the other.
Corn, beans, and squash.
Capitalism and republicanism was central to this European colonizer's goals.
The Netherlands.
This was England's first permanent settlement in North America. What year was it established?
Jamestown, 1607
This event led to the death of 5 Bostonians. What was the outcome of this event?
Boston Massacre
Who wrote one of the best selling pamphlets of the Revolutionary period and what was it called?
Thomas Paine's "Common Sense"
Christopher Columbus and his crew landed on Hispanola in the Caribbean and encountered these natives.
Taino
This colonizing nation cooperated with the indigenous while shipping furs back to Europe for market.
France
This idea explains how the English viewed natural resources versus Native Americans. Explain how these differing ideas work.
Environmentalism versus commodity of resources.
Natives generally took what they needed from nature and did not over-use. They led efforts to burn underbrush to allow for new growth. Most natives sought to live in harmony with nature and taking only what was needed to survive.
The English, on the other hand, saw untapped and unused resources. Introducing capitalism to North America and the destruction of nature as natives knew it. England had been stripped of much of its lumber decades and centuries earlier. When they arrived in North America, the view of, seemingly, unending forests must have been overwhelming. This was an untapped resource that could be sold back in England.
This act was passed in 1765 as a tax on the colonists. What are the details of this act?
The Stamp Act was passed in March 1765. The act required the colonists to pay a tax, represented by a stamp, on various forms of papers, documents, and playing cards. It was a direct tax imposed by the British government without the approval of the colonial legislatures and was payable in hard-to-obtain British sterling, rather than colonial currency. Further, those accused of violating the Stamp Act could be prosecuted in Vice-Admiralty Courts, which had no juries and could be held anywhere in the British Empire.
This document was the new nation's first attempt at a federal government. What was the strongest branch of government established?
The Articles of Confederation and the Legislative Branch.
This indigneous group flourished between 1000 BCE and 900CE and shifted from hunter-gatherers to more permanent settlements.
The Woodland Nations.
This revolt was the most successful indigenous revolt during the colonial period. What are the details of this revolt?
Pueblo Revolt of 1680.
A revolution against Spanish religious, economic, and political institutions imposed on the Pueblos. August 10, 1680, Po’Pay led a full-scale revolt in which almost all the Pueblos participated. On August 21 the Spaniards were forced to flee, leaving 400 dead, including 21 priests. The Indians celebrated their victory by washing off the stains of Christian baptism, annulling Christian marriages, and destroying churches. They remained free until 1692.
These are the justifications used by the English for the institution of slavery.
Paternalism, Christianity, and racial science.
This act was passed in 1764 as a tax on the colonists. What did this act do?
The Sugar Act of 1764 was a law enacted by Britain to increase British revenues by preventing the smuggling of molasses into the American colonies and enforcing the collection of higher taxes and duties.
These four acts included the Boston Port Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, the Administration of Justice Act, and the Quartering Act. What is the name of these acts, both official and nickname? When were these acts passed?
The Coercive Acts of 1774, known as the Intolerable Acts in the American colonies, were a series of four laws passed by the British Parliament to punish the colony of Massachusetts Bay for the Boston Tea Party.
This is the hemispheric trade that opened after first contact with the Spanish.
Columbian Exchange.
This indigenous revolt was led by Metacom. What was it called and what are some details?
King Philip's War, 1675-1676
King Philip’s War was an armed conflict that took place between 1675-1676. The rebellion was led by King Philip, Metacom an indigenous leader, in an effort to push the English from their land. As leader of the Wampanoag, Metacom entered into a treaty that, he believed, would guarantee protection from the colony and diplomacy between the two groups.
The conflict lasted about a year and ended with the death of Metacom. Hundreds of Metacom’s people were enslaved, both in New England and transported to the Caribbean.
What is racial science and how was this used?
Racial science is a pseudoscience used by 18th century whites to shape social constructs during the period. This idea explained the differences between blacks and whites while justifying Africans as slaves.
This is the establishment of a trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. What was the point of the network and how did it work?
Triange Trade.
These trade routes flourished between the early-16th century and the mid-19th century. The first leg of the trade route started in Europe with the transportation of manufactured goods to the western coast of Africa. The second leg, known as the Middle Passage, begins in western Africa and transports enslaved to the Americas. The final leg transports raw materials from the Americas to Europe.
Which Revolutionary figure is most famous as a traitor to the American cause after he attempted to turn West Point over to the British?
Benedict Arnold