Immigration and Cities
What is A push factor?
A: What is A condition that makes someone leave their country
What was a political machine?
A: What is An organization that controlled local politics by exchanging services or favors for political support/votes.
Q: John D. Rockefeller became wealthy through which industry?
A: What is Oil / Standard Oil.
Q: Name ONE difficult condition many industrial workers faced.
A: What is long hours, low/unstable wages, dangerous machinery, poor ventilation, heat, dust, unsafe workplaces.
Q: Why did workers form labor unions?
A: What is To increase their power by acting together to seek better wages, hours, conditions, and treatment.
Give ONE reason immigrants were attracted to the United States during the Gilded Age.
A: What is jobs/economic opportunity, land, freedom, joining family members, escaping persecution.
Q: Give ONE problem common in rapidly growing Gilded Age cities.
A: What is overcrowding, tenements, sanitation problems, poverty, disease, crime, inadequate infrastructure.
Q: What is horizontal integration?
A: What is Gaining control over competitors in the same industry/stage of production.
Q: Why did some working-class families send their children to work?
A: What is Their families depended on the children's wages/income.
Q: What was one major difference between the Knights of Labor and the AFL?
A: What is The Knights organized a broader range of workers and sought broader reforms; the AFL primarily organized skilled workers and focused on practical workplace improvements.
Q: Why did rapid immigration contribute to the growth of American cities?
A: Many immigrants settled near industrial jobs, causing urban populations to grow rapidly.
Q: Why might a poor immigrant support a political machine despite knowing it was corrupt?
A: What is Machines could provide jobs, food, housing assistance, or other services immigrants needed.
Q: How was Andrew Carnegie's vertical integration different from Rockefeller's horizontal integration?
A: What is Carnegie controlled different stages of producing/distributing steel, while Rockefeller expanded control by eliminating or acquiring competitors in the oil industry.
Q:Why could a serious workplace injury become an economic problem for a worker's entire family?
A: What is An injured worker could lose wages that the family depended on while also dealing with the injury.
Q: Match the labor conflict to the obstacle it BEST represents:
Haymarket — Homestead — Pullman
To
Public Opinion — Employer/Private Power — Government Intervention
A: What are
Haymarket = Public Opinion
Homestead = Employer/Private Power
Pullman = Government Intervention
Q: Why could industrialization create opportunity for immigrants while also creating hardship?
A: What is Factories provided jobs and income, but immigrants could also face low wages, dangerous work, overcrowded housing, discrimination, or nativism.
Q: How could political machines BOTH help and harm a city?
A: What is They provided services and assistance to residents while also using corruption, bribery, graft, kickbacks, or election fraud to maintain power.
Q: Why could someone reasonably describe Rockefeller or Carnegie as BOTH a Captain of Industry and a Robber Baron?
A: What is They helped expand industry, production, jobs, philanthropy, and/or lower prices, but also accumulated enormous power and used aggressive business or labor practices.
Q: What did the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire demonstrate about workplace safety?
A: What is Unsafe conditions such as locked exits and inadequate fire escapes could make an emergency far more deadly.
Q: Workers had strength in numbers. Why did that NOT guarantee that a strike would succeed?
A: What is Employers could use money, replacement workers and private security, while government intervention and negative public opinion could also weaken workers.
Q: Complete AND explain this cause-and-effect relationship:Industrialization → Immigration → Urbanization
A: What is Industrial growth created jobs that attracted immigrants; many settled near factories, contributing to rapid city growth and the problems that came with urbanization.
Q: A newly arrived immigrant and a middle-class reformer observe the SAME political machine. Why might they reach completely different conclusions about it?
A: What is The immigrant might value the immediate help/services the machine provided, while the reformer might focus on corruption and damage to democratic government.
Q:Why did having wealth and market power make it easier for successful industrialists to become even MORE powerful?
A: What is They could use existing money and influence to expand, buy competitors, negotiate advantages, survive economic downturns, and strengthen their control of the market.
Q: Why didn't workers simply quit dangerous or low-paying jobs and find better ones?
A: What are Workers needed income, had limited alternatives, could be easily replaced, and often lacked the economic resources or opportunity to simply stop working.
Q:Many major Gilded Age strikes failed. Why would it still be inaccurate to say that the labor movement accomplished nothing?
A: What is Organized labor kept demands for better wages, shorter hours, safer conditions, and greater worker power in public discussion and helped build a movement for future change.