Indigenous Peoples
Which European nation was the first to land in the Americas?
Spain
What were the three main motivations, known as the “Three Gs,” that drove Europeans to explore and colonize the Americas?
Gold, God, and Glory
Jamestown was founded by which English company in 1607?
The Virginia Company of London
Why did King Henry VIII break away from the Catholic Church in the 1500s?
To form the Church of England after the Pope refused to grant him a divorce (annulment).
People who agreed to work for 5–7 years in exchange for passage to the American colonies were called what?
Indentured servants
When Christopher Columbus arrived in the Caribbean, he mistakenly believed he had landed in which region?
India (or “the Indies”)
Where did Christopher Columbus establish his first base colony in the Americas?
Hispaniola / Haiti / DR
Which powerful Indigenous nation was already living in the region when the English established Jamestown?
The Powhatan Confederacy
What was the main difference between Catholics and Protestants?
Protestants did not believe in the authority of the Pope.
Early indentured servants in the British colonies were typically from which region?
Europe
Which Indigenous group was living on the island of Hispaniola when Columbus arrived?
The Taíno people / Arawaks
Why did Europeans seek an alternative route to Asia during the Age of Exploration?
The Ottoman Empire controlled major land routes to Asia, making trade difficult and expensive.
During the “Starving Time” of 1609–1610, how did the Jamestown settlers survive, if they managed to survive at all?
By eating anything available, including horses, rats, and in extreme cases, resorting to cannibalism
Which religious group separated completely from the Church of England and became known as Separatists?
The Pilgrims
Which system granted 50 acres of land to any colonist who paid for their own or another person’s passage to the Americas?
The Headright System
Many Native American religious beliefs reflected inclusivity by combining traditional and new spiritual practices as part of a broader effort to make sense of the world.
Inclusivity / Inclusivist
What term describes a crop grown primarily for sale and profit rather than for personal use?
Cash crop
What cash crop, introduced by John Rolfe, became the economic foundation of the Jamestown colony?
Tobacco
Which group sought to “purify” the Church of England and migrated to the Americas to freely practice their religion?
The Puritans
In most early colonies, what were the basic requirements to vote?
Being a white male landowner
Early human migration to the Americas occurred when people traveled from Asia across which land bridge?
Beringia (Bering Strait)
Europeans turned to which trade network as a new source of enslaved labor for their plantation colonies?
The Trans-Saharan Slave Trade
In the Disney movie, Pocahontas falls in love with John ___, but in real life, she married John ___. What were their full names?
John Smith (movie) and John Rolfe (real life)
Which colony was founded by the Puritans?
The Massachusetts Bay Colony
Which early colony did not rely heavily on indentured servants or enslaved labor?
Plymouth Colony