Indigenous Peoples
Which European nation was the first to land in the Americas?
Spain
What were the three main motivations, known as the “Three Gs,” that drove Europeans to explore and colonize the Americas?
Gold, God, and Glory
Jamestown was founded by which English company in 1607?
The Virginia Company of London
People who agreed to work for 5–7 years in exchange for passage to the American colonies were called what?
Indentured servants
Profit
the financial gain that remains when the total revenue (income) is greater than the total expenses (cost)
When Christopher Columbus arrived in the Caribbean, he mistakenly believed he had landed in which region?
India (or “the Indies”)
Where did Christopher Columbus establish his first base colony in the Americas?
Hispaniola / Haiti / DR
Which powerful Indigenous nation was already living in the region when the English established Jamestown?
The Powhatan Confederacy
Early indentured servants in the British colonies were typically from which region?
Europe
Monarchy
a form of government where a single person, known as a king or queen, serves as the head of state, usually for life
Which Indigenous group was living on the island of Hispaniola when Columbus arrived?
The Taíno people / Arawaks
Why did Europeans seek an alternative route to Asia during the Age of Exploration?
The Ottoman Empire controlled major land routes to Asia, making trade difficult and expensive.
During the “Starving Time” of 1609–1610, how did the Jamestown settlers survive, if they managed to survive at all?
By eating anything available, including horses, rats, and in extreme cases, resorting to cannibalism
Why was it difficult for Europeans to mass enslave Native Americans?
The Natives knew the land, giving them an advantage in surprise attacks and escaping.
Or
90% of the Native population died from disease and warfare.
the cruel, unfair, or abusive treatment of a person or a group over a long time
Persecution
Many Native American religious beliefs reflected inclusivity by combining traditional and new spiritual practices as part of a broader effort to make sense of the world.
Inclusivity / Inclusivist
What term describes a crop grown primarily for sale and profit rather than for personal use?
Cash crop
What cash crop, introduced by John Rolfe, became the economic foundation of the Jamestown colony?
Tobacco
How did Native Americans resist European Colonization?
Escape, suicide, armed resistance
a person, nation, or government that takes control of a foreign territory, often for resources and/or settlement is called _____________
Early human migration to the Americas occurred when people traveled from Asia across which land bridge?
Beringia (Bering Strait)
Europeans turned to which trade network as a new source of enslaved labor for their plantation colonies?
The Trans-Saharan Slave Trade
Atlantic Slave Trade
Columbian Exchange
In the Disney movie, Pocahontas falls in love with John ___, but in real life, she married John ___. What were their full names?
John Smith (movie) and John Rolfe (real life)
Why did slavery in America differ from slavery that existed in other parts of the world?
Europeans enslaved Africans for life and it was hereditary
an old legal rule where a married woman's legal rights and identity were merged into those of her husband
Coverture