U.S. History

Economics

100

List some of the effects of an economic downturn or recession.

People at all levels of society feel the economic effects. 1)High Unemployment 2)Morgage rates go up 3)Credit becomes less available 4) Stock Market prices drop

200

List and describe the five characterists of a market economy.

1) Economic Freedom- freedom of choice with respect to jobs, salaries, production, and price 2) Economic Incentives- postive and negative 3) Competition- more than one producer for a given product 4) Private Ownership- production and profits belong to individual or company, not government 5) Limited Government- government plays not role in the economic decisions of its citizens

300

Define economics and the two kinds of economies.

Economics is the study of the buying choices that people make, production of goods and services, and how our market system works. 1) Command- the government controls what and how much is produced, the methods for production, and the distribution of goods and services 2) Market- consumers affect the decisions by choosing whether or not to buy certain goods and services. (U.S. economy)

400

Explain the economic principle of supply and demand, scarcity and choice, and money and resources.

Supply is the amount of a product or service available to consumers. Demand is how much consumers are willing to pay for the product or services. Scarcity is a low supply. Scarcity is a measure of supply in that demand is high when there is scarcity. Choice is when consumers have to make difficult decisions (buy more for a product, go without it, or go elsewhere for the product). Money is the currency available for payment. Resources are the assets a nation has available for trade.

500

List and describe the factors of production and the two types of markets that create economic flow.

Factors of Production: 1) Land 2) Labor 3) Capital 4) Entrepreneurship Types of Markets: 1) Factor- people who exchange their services for wages 2) Product- selling of products to the people who want to buy them

Government and Civics

100

Explain the difference between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

Articles of Confederation: -designed to protect states' rights -sent to the colonies to be ratified in 1777 - had 2 elements that needed to be revised: 1) no centralized national government 2) no central power to tax or regulate trade between other nations Constitution: - created 3 branches of government regulated by checks and balances (executive, legistative, and judicial) - bicameral legislature (equal rep for states in Senate and population rep for House)

200

Describe the 6 basic principles of the Constitution

1) Popular Sovereignty- the people establish the government 2) Limited Government 3) Separation of Powers- 3 branches of government 4) Checks and Balances- enforces separation of power, preventing tyranny 5) Judicial Review- federal courts ensure that no act of government violates it (declairing unconstitional power of judical branch) 6) Federalism- division of powers between the central and local governments

300

Explain the importance of the follow major Supreme Court Cases: Marbury v. Madison, Dred Scott v. Sandford, Brown v. Board of Education, and Miranda v. Arizona

Marbury v. Madison: established judicial review as power of Supreme Court Dred Scott v. Sandford: upheld property rights over human rights Brown v. Board of Education: segregration was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause and that "seperate but equal" was a unconstitutional Miranda v. Arizona: ensures that confessions could not be illegally obtained (reading of the Miranda rights to those arrested for crimes)

400

Outline the historical background to the Bill of Rights and identify the 10 amendments to the Constitution.

Bill of Rights based on principles established by the Magna Carta in 1215. Adding these 10 amendments to the Constitution in 1791. 1) Freedom of speech, religion, peaceful assembly, petition of government, and petition to the press 2) Right to keep and bear arms 3) No quartering soliders on private property without consent of owner 4) Regulations on government search and seizure 5) Provisions concerning prosecution 6) Right to a speedy, public trial and the calling of witnesses 7) Right to trial by jury 8) Freedom from excessive bail or cruel punishment 9) Rights (listed) are not necessarily only rights 10) Powers not prohibited by the Constitution or reserved for the states

500

Outline the nation, concurrent, and state powers of government. Also define delegated, expressed, implied, inherent, reserved, and exclusive powers.

National: coin money, regulate interstate and foreign trade, raise and maintain armed forces, declare war, admit new states, conduct foreign relation Concurrent: levy and collect taxes, borrow money, establish courts, define crimes and set punishments State: regulate trade and business within state, establish public schools, pass license requirements for professionals, conduct elections, establish local governments Delegated Powers- 3 types granted by Constitution 1) Expressed- specifically in Constitution 2) Implied- reasonably suggested 3) Inherent- national governments have historically passed Reserved Powers- not granted to the national government Exclusive Powers- reserved for the national government, including concurrent powers

Pre-Columbian Years to Reconstruction

100

List and briefly describe the important events and groups related to leading up to the American Revolution

Sons of Liberty- protest group headed by Samuel Adams Boston Massacre- 1770, soliders fired on a crowd killing 5 people Committees of Correspondence- set up throughout colonies to transmit relvolutionary ideas and create a unified response Boston Tea Party- Sons of Liberty dumped tea into harbor in response to British tea tax First Continental Congress- held in 1774 to list grievances and develop a response to Britian ruling Shot Heard Round the World- 1775 passing through Lexington British soliders were met by colonial militia called the Minutemen

200

List the original 13 colonies and the major turning points of the Revolution

Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Virginia Second Continental Congress- established the Continental Army and chose Washington to command Common Sense- published in 1776 by Thomas Pain, called for independence Declaration on Independence- signed on July 4, 1776, written by Jefferson Alliance with France- Benjamin Franklin negotiated agreement with France to fight with the Americans Treaty of Paris- offical end of war, granted idependence to the colonies, and gave them territorial rights

300

Explain the reasons for American Revolution

-England was remote, yet controlling -Seven Years' War- Americans served in British army, but treated as inferiors -Feared expansion of Anglican Church -heavy taxation - no offical represenation - already functioning local government

400

Describe Reconstruction and the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments

Reconstruction was from 1865-1877 -the South was under strict control of the U.S. government -in 1867 all state governments of the former Confederacy were terminated and military occupation began - constutional conventions causes reconstruction to state governments where delegates would be elected 13th: declared slavery illegal 14th: made all persons born or naturalized in the country of U.S. citizens, and forbabe state to interfere with fundamental civil rights 15th: illegal to deny individual right to vote based on race

500

What were some causes of the Civil War?

-Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin, changed economic paths of north and south Salvery: - Missouri Compromise of 1820 established border between the slave states and the free states, eventually became too restrictive for the South - expansion in the west - election of Lincoln

Post-Civil War America

100

Describe the immigration trends of new and old wave immigrants

Old Wave: from Germany, Scandinava, and Ireland New Wave (late 1880s): Italy, Poland, Hungary, Bohemia, and Greece Population doubled between 1860-1890 (10 million immigrants arrived)

200

Describe the five stages of extending suffrage in the Untied States

Originally the Constitution of 1789 provided the right to vote only to white male property owner 15th Amendment protected citizens the right to vote because of race 19th Amendment prohibited the denial of the right to vote because of gender 23rd Amendment added the voters of the District of Columbia 26th Amendment set the minimum voting age at 18

300

Describe the involvement of the United States in World War I

War World I broke out in 1914, America declared neutrality America was provoked when the British ship Lusitania was torpedoed in 1915 President Wilson warned Germans that America would enter the war if Germany interfered with nuetral ships at sea When Germany was trying to provoke Mexico and Japan into attacking the United States, Wilson offically declared was in 1917 Allies (including U.S.) had victory in 1918

400

Explain the role of the United States in World War II

Began in 1939 -Attack on Pearl Habor in 1941 caused United States to declarewar on the Axis powers - U.S. became a strong manufacturer of goods (women went to work in factories, while men entered the military) -Ended in 1945 in Asia

500

Compare the participants of World War I and World War II

World War I: Allies- Britain, France, Russia, Greece, Italy, Romania, and Serbia 1917 Russia withdrew and U.S. joined Central- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey World War II: Germany occupied most of Europe and North Africa Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria Allied:U.S., Britain, France, USSR, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, Yugoslavia

America Post World War II to Present

100

List the major events of the 1960s

Cuban Missile Crisis (1961)- stand-off between the United States and Soviet Union over missiles in Cuba, nuclear war was averted Civil Rights Movement- protest marches held across that nation to call for equality of black citizens Vietnam War (1964-73)- resulted in miltary draft, protests and demonstrations perticularly on college campuses

200

Describe the Vietnam War

1959-1975 South Vietnam, aided by the United States, battled North Vietnam and its communist allies -United States was fully dedicated to their Cold War foreign policy of containment, which meant preventing the spread of Communism -U.S. decided to help France defeat Ho and his revolutionaries by sending the French military aid in 1950

300

Outline the Civil Rights Movement

-Began when reconstruction ended in the late 1870s -Aided by the 14th and 15th Amendment -black codes- unspoken "laws" regarding blacks -Brown v. Board of Education- "seperate but equal" - Harlem Renaissance- black artistic and intellectual culture - Martin Luther King Jr.- spoke out against segregation formed Souther Christian Leadership Conference to rally for support in southern churches -Black Panthers- used violence to patrol communties

400

List some of the domestic accomplishments of the Progressive Era (Age of Reform)

National government strenghtened Hepburn Act- reinforced the Interstate Commerce Commission Forest Service guided lumber companies in the conservation and more efficient use of woodlands resources Pure Food and Drug Act- passed to protect consumers from fraudulent labeling Federal Reserve System- established to supervise banking and commerce

500

List the major programs and events that resulted from the Cold War in the late 1940s and 1950s

Truman Doctrine (1947)- policy designed to protect free peoples everywhere against oppression Marshall Plan (1948)- devoted $12 billion to rebuild western Europe Organization of American States (1948)- established to bolster democratic relations in the Americas North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)- formed to militarily link the United States and western Europe so that an attack on one would be attack on both Korean War (1950-53)- divide Korea into communist North and democratic South McCarthy Era (1950-54)- Senator McCarthy of Wisconsin held hearings on the supposed Communist conspiracies