Show:
What Helped Industry Expand
American Business and Leaders
Haymarket Affair
Labor Unions and Leaders
Potpourri
100
Who invented the typewriter, allowing industry to communicate using a reliable system of print?
Christopher Sholes - The incandescent light invented by Thomas Edison, and telephone invented by Alexander Graham Bell were also important to the expansion of industry in America
100
What was the government policy towards "public domain" after the Civil War?
Government sold land cheaply, including massive deposits of natural resources, to individuals and states in order to be developed. Civil War veterans and thousands of other pioneers settled the "public domain" out west.
100
What was the main demand from those protesting during the week before the Haymarket Affair?
8 Hour Workday - One of many demands union members had was to establish an 8 hour workday, leaving 8 hours for sleep, and 8 hours for leisure. Low Wages, Dangerous Working Conditions, and Unfair Treatment are some of the other demands from workers.
100
Who was the president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL)? A union combining workers from multiple crafts that won higher wages and shorter workweeks for workers.
Samuel Gompers - Helped bring workers from different crafts like cigar makers together to fight for workers rights.
100
What region of the U.S. did industry not heavily impact?
South - Natural Resources and Large Urban populations ready to work helped the North take advantage of expanding industry, while the South struggled to recover from the Civil War and did not have the money to invest in industry.
200
What natural resource is essential in the creation of steel?
Iron Ore - Iron is changed through chemical processes to create steel. Steel would prove to be a major building block in American industry, especially constructing railroads.
200
What is the name of the process Andrew Carnegie used where he bought coal fields, iron mines, ore freighters, and railroads, in order to control each part of steel production?
Vertical Integration - Involves controlling all the steps in producing a product. Carnegie also used Horizontal Integration, which is a process where a company attempts to buy or merge with companies that make the same product. Ex. All Steel Companies merge into one big company.
200
What happened at the McCormick Reaper Plant that sparked the events at the Haymarket square?
Two Men were killed by the police during a protest on May 3rd, just one day before the incident at Haymarket square.
200
Who was the leader of the American Railway Union (ARU) that focused on unionizing skilled and unskilled industrial workers?
Eugene V. Debs - Helped the ARU gain better pay and conditions for workers. His union would ultimately fail after the Pullman Company Strike, where Debs was jailed and most of the strikers were fired.
200
What advantage of railroads made it possible to have oranges in Minneapolis, Minnesota?
Quick movement of large quantities changed business dramatically. No longer was a business forced to sell only to people living close. Ice, produce, meat, and other goods could now be transported long distances without being destroyed.
300
What natural resource boomed after Edwin Drake demonstrated how to get it out from under the Earth near Titusville, Penn.?
Crude Oil - Edwin Drake successfully drilled for oil allowing American industry and the public easy access to a powerful resource.
300
What is the name of the type of merger used by John D. Rockefeller, which gave stock to company owners in order to control their company.
Trusts - Companies joined with competing companies in trust agreements, where participants in a trust turned power over to a group of trustees in return for stock in the larger merged company.
300
What happened after the police were ordered into the crowd of workers, causing the police to shoot wildly into the crowd?
A bomb was thrown which caused panic and injured/killed many bystanders and police.
300
What famous strike happened at a Carnegie Steel Plant and resulted in a pitched battle that left 3 Pinkerton Detectives and 9 workers dead?
Homestead Strike - After it was announced that wages would be cut workers ordered a strike. The plant president ordered in Pinkerton Detectives to protect the strikebreakers aka "scabs". Ultimately President Cleveland sent in troops to end the strike in favor of the steel plant.
300
What famous American railroad spanned the entire country from coast to coast?
Intercontinental Railroad - This railroad is famous for connecting both coasts.
400
What abundant natural resource is mined in the U.S. and helped power industry and trains?
Coal - Besides powering trains, it also was crucial for heating the massive factories popping up across the U.S. Steel production requires a lot of heat, which coal provided.
400
What philosophy, based on Darwin's evolutionary idea of survival of the fittest, endorsed the idea that wealth is created due to hard work, and poverty is because some people are inferior or lazy.
Social Darwinism - A new way of looking at the world where industry and business were booming, but so was poverty and dangerous working conditions.
400
What happened to public opinion after the events at Haymarket square?
Public Opinion Turned against the Unions and Workers. After the public became aware of the injured and dead from the explosion, the public favor turned. Terms like anarchism were used to paint unions as dangerous groups.
400
What woman is best remembered for fighting for workers rights, especially children?
Mary Harris Jones: Better known as Mother Jones, she helped the United Mine Workers union and is best known for her march to the home of President Theodore Roosevelt with 80 mill children, which helped persuade the government to pass child labor laws.
400
What is the term for a wealthy person that gives large portions of their wealth away?
Philanthropists - Carnegie and Rockefeller were hard on unions and workers, but also gave large parts of their wealth to charities, schools, and foundations.
500
What is the name of the process that adds air to molten iron, which purifies the iron, and produces steel?
Bessemer Process - Producing steel effectively using the Bessemer Process helped American Industry expand rapidly. Railroads and large buildings would not be possible without large amounts of steel.
500
What act passed by Congress ultimately failed because it failed to define what makes-up a 'trust'?
Sherman Antitrust Act - Made it illegal to for a trust that interfered with free trade between states or countries.
500
Who did the statue placed at Haymarket Square honor?
Police Killed at Haymarket - Police were honored with a statue, while union workers were ignored even though they were beaten and killed during the event. This helps show the role government would take as unions began to gain power and make demands.
500
What 2 groups opposed Unions the most? (Hint: Both of these have been mentioned numerous times)
Government and Industry Leaders: Industry leaders such as Carnegie and Rockefeller opposed unions because the demands being made would take away profit and slow down production. The government also opposed unions, mainly by sending in troops when strikes did not end or by using the courts to outlaw unions from striking.
500
What was the minimum age a child had to be before they could work in a factory?
No minimum - Laws had not been established until attention was given to the fact that children of all ages were working dangerous jobs for very little pay.