The Pop Discipline
This scholar popularized and standardized the "close reading" method of studying pop culture
Barry Brummett
These artists were the first to have their music played by on the 24-hour music video channel, MTV.
The Buggles
This technology from the 1400s hastened mass mediation and ushered in a new visually-focused era of pop culture.
The [Movable Type] Printing Press
According to Richard Nye, this was the period in which the US began to grow its own popular culture due to the development of mass media
Industrialization
Pop culture usually studies what a large group of people consume, as opposed to these local-level communities.
Folk [Cultures]
A contract of expectations between producers and consumers is also known by this common but abstract term.
Genre
This common example of American cultural myths conveys that any individual can rise in money, comfort, and power if they work hard enough and "pull themselves up their bootstraps" when they encounter obstacles
The American Dream
This concept speaks to how certain people or ideas appear in pop culture and become more "visible" or "seen" by their appearance
Representation
Income, Time, and this other quality are the standard requirements for the development of a national pop culture
Desire (Interest)
Producers influence people with strategies, but de Certeu and the CCCS think the consumers can respond with this action that has the potential to be equally persuasive.
Tactics
This theory popularized by Michel de Certeu refers to a consumer's ability to use a text for their own purposes or otherwise actively respond
Poaching
Many scholars identify myths by the fact that they have these two levels of meaning that correspond with content and symbolism (or context)
Denotative & Connotative
The Frankfurt School used this term for the process by which the masses adopt more-or-less standard items (like t-shirts) with slight differences (like logos) and believe in the uniqueness of those items
Pseudo-Individualization
Adorno, Horkheimer, and Marcuse represented this group of Marxist thinkers who feared the persuasive power of mass media
The Frankfurt School
An object that has been created through assemblage is known by this title in pop culture studies.
Aesthetic Entity
This kind of analytical method evaluates the persuasiveness of a pop culture text
Critique
Roland Barthes used this phrase to describe what makes mythic communication different from other kinds of speech or storytelling
Second-Order Semiotic System
Capitalist cultures, like the US, that operate from consumerism tend to focus on this ideology that is associated with globalization, privatization, and market competition.
Neoliberalism
According to Abrams, this type of art criticism evaluates a text by how useful or instrumental it is to the consumer
Pragmatism
This approach to studying pop culture strives to analyze how symbols, especially visual signs, come to have particular meanings in mass media
Semiotics
Much pop culture scholarship is dedicated to studying these recognizable symbols that influence meaning-making.
Icons
Genre can be represented by both convention, which draws on tropes and memory, and this element that brings new ideas to recognizable formulas.
Invention
Levi-Strauss used this term to describe how consumers do not just passively absorb content, but borrow and reappropriate and weave together pop texts
Bricolage
This contemporary scholar is descendant of the ideas from the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. His book Textual Poachers popularized fan studies using theories from Michel de Certeu.
Henry Jenkins
Kramer & Hsieh argue that the way people think about (or become culturally "aware" of-) their environment impacts how they communicate texts. There are three basic cultural modes of communication: idolic, symbolic, and ________
Signalic (Perspectivist)