US STUDY GUIDE

Vocab

100

A legislation, which declared that, among immigrants to the U.S, “only free white persons”, could become citizens of the United States.

Naturalization act of 1790

200

Legislation passed in 1809, which allowed American ships to trade with all nations except Britain and France, and authorized the president to resume trade with those countries once they began respecting America’s neutral trading rights.

Non-Intercourse Act

300

1854 act that created two territories, Kansas and Nebraska, and left the status of slavery in each territory open, to be decided by the popular sovereignty of those who settled there.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

400

Agreement ending the Mexican War in 1848, which gave the United States control of Utah, Nevada, California, western Colorado and parts of Arizona and New Mexico, and established the Rio Grande as the border, in exchange for $15 million.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

500

The practice or custom of having more than one wife or husband at the same time. Mormons like Joseph Smith and other men practiced polygamy having thirty-four wives between the ages of fourteen and sixty.

polygamy

Vocab

100

This treaty formally ended the war of 1812, but did not settle any of the significant issues, like naval impressments and America’s right to neutrality. Also it ended hostilities, which was a relief to both sides of the war.

Treaty of ghent

200

Right of the courts to judge the constitutionality of federal laws; this established the Supreme Court as the ultimate interpreter of constitutional questions.

Doctrine of judicial

300

Deeply affected the average of Americans. Farmers in the West were particularly hard pressed. Having bought their farms on credit, many could not make their payments. This led banks to foreclose the loans. In desperation, people turned to their governments, demanding financial assistance during these tough times. In Kentucky and other states, voters agitated in vain for the government to declare a moratorium on the collection of debts.

Panic of 1819

400

a slave rebellion in 1800 in Richmond; twenty-six rebels were hanged.

Gabriel's Conspiracy

500

A variety of laws designed to protect escaped slaves, such as prohibiting the use of a state’s jail for runaway slaves; these laws passed in many northern states in the 1850s

Personal Liberty Laws

Vocab

100

An agreement, which forced the Indian tribes of the Old Northwest westward across the Mississippi in 1795.

Indian Trade and intercourse acts

200

Legislation signed by President John Adams; included the Alien Enemies Act, the Alien Friends Act, and the Sedition Act; opponents called them a violation of the first Amendment’s guarantees.

Aliens and sedition Act

300

Legislation that allowed the federal government to trade land west of the Mississippi River for land east of the river.

Indian removal act of 1830

400

Reconciliation proposal advocating that the Missouri Compromise line of 1820 be extended all the way to the Pacific, excluding California, with all land North of the line free, all land south of it open to slavery; also included an “unamend able amendment” to the Constitution, guaranteeing the preservation of slavery in the southern states where it already existed.

Crittenden Compromise

500

Mormonism emphasized a direct and ecstatic connection with God. It attracted people who wanted to renounce the sinfulness and social disorder that they saw all around them. They went seeking a haven from religious persecution. The Mormons found refuge in the area around the Great Salt Lake, in what would become the state of Utah.

Mormons

Vocab

100

Was a conflict which Pennsylvania farmers fought a tax on whiskey, eventually rioting and overrunning the city of Pittsburgh in 1794, where they were to be tried for tax evasion.

Whiskey Rebellion

200

Legislation, which stopped American exports from going to Europe and prohibited American ships from trading in foreign ports.

Embargo act of 1807

300

Political identity that defined an American as someone with an English background who was born in the United States; supporters formulated a racial and ethnic identity that proclaimed the superiority of their group, usually labeled “Native Americans”.

Nativism

400

Legislation proposed in 1846 in the House of Representatives to prohibit slavery from any new territories that the United States might acquire from Mexico

Wilmot Proviso

500

Congress’s power to do anything “necessary and proper” to carry out its delegated powers, even if those actions are not explicitly named in the Constitution.

Implied powers

Vocab

100

Declaration of 1823 proclaiming that any European nation attempting to colonize Latin America would be treated as a party hostile to the United States; president James Monroe announced that the Western hemisphere was the domain of the United States and was to remain separate from the affairs of Europe.

Monroe Doctrine

300

An arrangement brokered by Henry Clay that set 36’30’ as the divider between free and slave territories, and allowed Missouri to enter the nation as a slave state if Maine were allowed to enter as free.

The Missouri Compromise

400

In 1791, slaves in Santo Domingo and Haiti revolted killing planters and burning sugar plantations led by Toussaint L’Ouverture. Slaves declared independence from their French overlords and with the support of the Federalists. This revolution had forced a flood of white landholders to decamp to America’s southern states, who told of the violence they had witnessed. Later France lost his effort in 1803 and Haiti became the first black republic and Latin America’s first independent state.

Haitian Revolution

500

Roamed the Rocky Mountains and the various trails carved out by settlers traveling across the harsh landscape. They were frequently employed as trappers, working for one of the fur companies that bought and sold beaver pelts, but they were explorers. The best-known mountain men: Jim Bridger, James Beckwourth, and Christopher “Kit” Carson.

Mountain Men