Good
The idea of a bicameral legislature was first introduced in the Constitutional Convention as
part of the Virginia Plan, although both houses would have been apportioned based on population.
Shays’ Rebellion was significant because it
convinced many that the government under the Articles of Confederation was ineffective.
The ________ and the ________ clauses of the U.S. Constitution involve the relationships between and among the various states.
full faith and credit; privileges and immunities
The use of federalism in the Constitution represented a
concentration of power in the hands of the national government as compared to the Articles of Confederation.
Who wrote the Supreme Court opinions in both McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)?
John Marshall
How can low levels of trust in the government become a self-fulfilling prophecy?
Low levels of trust make it hard to recruit capable civil servants, which then leads to poor government performance and even lower levels of trust in the government.
“Due process of law” is generally defined by the ________ amendments.
Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth
The presence of strong civil liberties protections in the Bill of Rights and the use of the filibuster in the Senate (which allows an individual senator significant power) are examples of the American concern for protecting
minority rights.
Which of the legal concepts below did the Dobbs ruling undermine because it is “not mentioned” in the Constitution?
“right to privacy”
When a state decides how ballots are counted, it is exercising which constitutional power?
reserved power
If the national government created a single-payer health care system, it would mostly like do so as an exercise of which power?
implied power
“In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), the Supreme Court ruled that
all affirmative action policies would be subject to strict scrutiny by the courts.
The Federalists believed that the powers of government could be limited by
creating an internal system of checks and controls within government.
Prior to the Civil War, which of these people is most associated with the extreme state’s rights position of nullification?
John C. Calhoun
An example of ________ is when federal officials force state officials to implement more stringent national water pollution regulations.
preemption
The Secure Communities program, launched in 2008 under President Bush and expanded under President Obama, caused tensions between the federal and state governments because it
required state and local authorities to check the fingerprints of those booked into jail against a Homeland Security database.
The first provision of the Bill of Rights to be “incorporated” into the Fourteenth Amendment as a limitation on state power was the
Fifth Amendment’s prohibition on states from taking private property for public use without just compensation.
“Commerce among the several states” was first defined in which Supreme Court case?
Gibbons v. Ogden
In 1928 Justice Brandeis argued that a right to privacy was strongly implied by which amendment to the Constitution?
Fourth
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943) was significant because it
endorsed the free exercise of religion even when it was offensive to the beliefs of the majority
In the University of Michigan affirmative action cases, the Supreme Court
rejected mechanical point systems for university admissions but upheld highly individualized affirmative action policies that were designed to promote diversity.
A person is tried in a criminal case and found not guilty of the crime for which they are accused. Because they were found not guilty, they cannot be tried again in a criminal case for the same crime. This is due to ______ protections, which are found in the _____ Amendment.
double jeopardy; Fifth
In the 1969 case of ________, the Supreme Court expressly overruled its decision in ________ and declared that the double jeopardy clause did, in fact, apply to the states.
Benton v. Maryland; Palko v. Connecticut
During the initial phase of the Covid-19 pandemic, many states changed their licensing laws to allow medical practitioners with out-of-state licenses to practice without needing to apply for a new in-state license. In 2022 and 2023, many of these states reverted to their previous licensing practices. These are examples of states using what powers?
police
As designed by the framers, the __________ branch, outlined in Article I, was intended to be the most powerful, whereas the __________ branch, outlined in Article III, was intended to be a check on radical democratic impulses.
legislative; judicial