Progressive Era
Which organization was created in direct response to the Plessy v. Ferguson decision and fought for African American civil rights?
NAACP
Which 1917–1918 law most directly limited American citizens' freedom of speech during World War I?
The Sedition Act of 1918 (and Espionage Act of 1917) limited speech.
What was a key feature of the consumer economy in the 1920s (how did many Americans purchase goods)
More people buying on credit (installment plans) and mass production leading to increased consumer buying.
Which 1930s policy or action is associated with President Hoover and is often said to have worsened the Depression (hint: tariff)?
The Smoot-Hawley Tariff (it raised tariffs and worsened trade).
Which European leader was assassinated, leading to the start of WWI?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria-Hungary)
What was a primary goal of the conservation movement during the Progressive Era?
Protect natural resources / conserve forests and lands for future use (conservation)
What was the main purpose for the use of propaganda during WWI in the United States?
To get people to participate in and support the war effort (recruit soldiers, sell war bonds, conserve resources).
In the context of free speech law, what principle did Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes express in Schenck v. United States when he used the “shouting fire in a theater” analogy?
Holmes meant that free speech is not absolute; speech that creates a clear and present danger (like causing panic and harm) can be restricted.
How did the Great Depression affect the global economy in the 1930s?
It caused many countries to adopt protectionist policies and deepened global economic contraction.
Name 2 territories the United States acquired during the era of imperialism
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony are best known for their work in which reform movement?
Women's suffrage (women’s voting rights)
Why did the United States initially remain neutral at the start of World War I?
Political isolationism and economic ties; desire to avoid European conflicts (public opinion favored neutrality)
Which factor most significantly contributed to the Great Migration of African Americans during and after WWI?
Northern industrial job opportunities (demand for labor in Northern factories).
What impact did the Great Depression have on minority communities in the United States?
Minority communities experienced greater economic hardship, higher unemployment, discrimination in relief programs, and slower recovery.
Which amendment granted women the right to vote in 1920?
19th Amendment
During the Progressive Era, what was the main goal of regulating big businesses (trusts and monopolies)?
To stop unfair business practices and limit monopolies (trust-busting / regulation to ensure fair competition)
From Germany’s perspective, what clause or outcome of the Treaty of Versailles made the treaty seem unfair?
Harsh war reparations and territorial losses (the reparations and "war guilt" clause made the treaty seem unfair).
What characterized the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920s?
Explosion of Black cultural expression in literature, music (jazz), visual arts, and theater centered in Harlem.
What was the primary cause of the 1929 stock market crash (what risky financial practice is most often blamed)?
Excessive speculation and buying on margin; stock prices were overinflated
Explain President Wilson’s plan for a post-war world and how it differed from the Treaty of Versailles outcomes.
Wilson’s Fourteen Points proposed self-determination, open diplomacy, League of Nations — more idealistic; Versailles imposed punitive reparations and territorial adjustments, and the League that emerged lacked U.S. support and did not prevent punitive measures.
Explain two major areas Progressives fought for reform in during the early 1900s and give one specific example of success in each area.
Example answer: Progressives fought for labor reform (child labor laws, safer workplaces — e.g., laws limiting child labor) and political reform (direct election of senators via 17th Amendment, initiative/referendum). They also targeted public health and food safety (Pure Food and Drug Act).
Why did the United States join World War I, and how did American involvement help bring the war to an end?
Causes: unrestricted submarine warfare (e.g., sinking of merchant ships), Zimmermann Telegram, economic ties to Allies. US entry provided morale, fresh troops and resources that helped tip the balance.
How did African American contributions during World War I affect their status in the United States? Provide at least two long-term effects.
African Americans’ wartime service increased demands for civil rights and greater political activism; it contributed to migration north, greater visibility, and cultural movements (e.g., increased voting participation in Northern cities, growth of civil rights organizations).
Explain how the Dust Bowl impacted American agriculture and migration patterns. Include at least two consequences for farmers.
The Dust Bowl destroyed topsoil through drought and poor farming practices, causing crop failures, forced migration (to California and other states), loss of farms, and increased rural poverty.
What's the name of the famous musician who rose to fame during the Harlem Renaissance, and in doing so became a Monmouth county icon still celebrated today?
Count Basie