DNA
Replication
Expression
Regulation
100
In 1952, this duo used radioactive sulfur and phosphorus to prove that DNA—not protein—is the genetic material of T2 bacteriophages.
Who are (Alfred) Hershey and (Martha) Chase?
100
These proteins bind to unwound DNA to prevent the double helix from re-annealing during replication.
What are single-stranded binding proteins?
100
The promoter serves as a crucial binding site for this transcriptional enzyme.
What is RNA polymerase?
100
When added to histones, this functional group neutralizes positive charges to form transcriptionally active euchromatin.
What is an acetyl group?
200
Thermophiles often show a structural bias toward these two complementary nitrogenous bases in their functional RNA molecules.
What are guanine and cytosine?
200
Possessing the ability to halt replication when incorporated into DNA, ddNTPs differ from standard dNTPs by missing an oxygen atom on this numbered carbon of their pentose sugar.
What is the 3' carbon?
200
Given the provided codon table, this amino acid is the one covalently attached to a tRNA molecule bearing the anticodon 3'-UCC-5'.
What is arginine?
200
When the small molecule hypoxanthine binds to the regulator PurR, it shuts down the purine operon; thus, hypoxanthine acts as this type of regulatory molecule.
What is a corepressor?
300
Name this specific monomeric building block utilized by DNA polymerase during the elongation phase of replication.
What is dTTP/deoxythymidine triphosphate? (Note: thymine is NOT acceptable.)
300
Crucial for double-strand break repair after replication, this DNA repair pathway uses a sister chromatid template and results in the formation of a Holliday junction.
What is homologous recombination (HR)?
300
Located about 8 bases upstream of the start codon, this purine-rich mRNA sequence recruits the 30S ribosomal subunit to initiate translation.
What is the Shine-Dalgarno sequence?
300
Formed by Dicer in response to foreign or cytoplasmic dsRNA, this type of double-stranded RNA molecule directs the cleavage of complementary target mRNAs.
What is a small interfering RNA/siRNA?