Immigration Labor
This 1882 federal law was the first significant legislation to restrict immigration in the U.S., specifically prohibiting Chinese laborers from entering the country and setting a precedent for later restrictive immigration policies.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?
This labor action occurs when workers stop working to protest conditions, wages, or other employment issues, often in an attempt to force employers to meet their demands.
What is a strike?
This journalist and photographer is famous for his work exposing the harsh living conditions of the urban poor in New York City, particularly through his 1890 book How the Other Half Lives.
Who is Jacob Riis?
This broad movement aimed to improve society by addressing issues such as poverty, education, labor conditions, and public health, often driven by activists during the Progressive Era.
What is social reform?
This 1896 Supreme Court case upheld racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine, reinforcing Jim Crow laws in the South until it was overturned by Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This term refers to the belief that native-born Americans are superior to immigrants and the political or cultural movement aimed at restricting immigration to protect the interests of native-born citizens.
What is nativism?
This period, roughly from the 1890s to the 1920s, was marked by widespread social, political, and economic reforms aimed at addressing issues like corruption, inequality, and the negative effects of industrialization, led by figures such as Theodore Roosevelt and Jane Addams.
What is the Progressive Era?
These overcrowded and often unsanitary apartment buildings housed many urban immigrants and working-class families in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, highlighting the need for housing reforms during the Progressive Era.
What is tenement housing?
Founded in 1909 by W.E.B. Du Bois and other activists, this civil rights organization sought to combat racial discrimination and advance equality, playing a key role in landmark legal cases like Brown v. Board of Education.
What is the NAACP?
These state and local laws, enacted primarily in the South after Reconstruction, enforced racial segregation and discrimination, denying African Americans equal rights until the Civil Rights Movement led to their repeal.
What are Jim Crow laws?
This term refers to workers collectively organizing to improve wages, working conditions, and rights, with labor unions playing a crucial role in advocating for workers during the Industrial Revolution and beyond.
What is labor or a labor union?
This term refers to journalists and writers in the early 20th century who investigated and exposed societal issues such as corruption, unsafe working conditions, and political abuses, helping to fuel the Progressive Era reforms.
What is a muckraker?
This social reformer and activist co-founded Hull House in Chicago, providing social services and support to immigrants and the poor, and became a leading figure in the settlement house movement.
Who is Jane Addams?
This group of reformers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries sought to address political corruption, economic inequality, and social injustices through government intervention and advocacy for workers' and consumers' rights
Who are the Progressives?
This legal doctrine, established by the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), justified racial segregation by claiming that facilities for Black and white Americans could be legally separate as long as they were of equal quality.
What is "separate but equal"?
Founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers, this national federation of labor unions focused on achieving practical goals like higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions, and became one of the most influential labor organizations in the U.S.
What is the American Federation of Labor?
This 1906 novel by Upton Sinclair exposed the appalling conditions in the meatpacking industry, leading to public outrage and the eventual passage of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act.
What is The Jungle by Upton Sinclair?
This social movement, led largely by women and religious groups in the 19th and early 20th centuries, sought to reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption, eventually leading to Prohibition in the United States.
What is the temperance movement?
Progressive Era reforms such as the initiative, referendum, recall, and the 17th Amendment aimed to increase citizens' direct participation in government and reduce corruption in the political process.
What is voter empowerment?
This movement, championed by figures like Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir, focused on preserving natural resources, protecting public lands, and establishing national parks to safeguard the environment for future generations
What is the conservation movement?
This process involves negotiations between employers and a group of employees, typically represented by a union, to reach agreements on wages, working conditions, and other employment terms.
What is collective bargaining?
This muckraker journalist is best known for her investigative reporting on the Standard Oil Company, which helped expose the monopolistic practices of John D. Rockefeller and contributed to the company's breakup.
Who is Ida Tarbell?
This movement fought for women's right to vote in the United States, culminating in the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920.
What is women’s suffrage?
These regulations, pushed by Progressive reformers, aimed to improve working conditions, set minimum wages, limit child labor, and establish safer workplaces in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
What are labor laws?
This 26th U.S. president, known for his "Square Deal" domestic policies, trust-busting efforts, and leadership in the conservation movement, also won the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in negotiating the end of the Russo-Japanese War.
Who is Theodore Roosevelt?