Southern Colonies Basics
Name the first permanent English settlement in America.
Jamestown
Why did Pilgrims and Puritans come to New England?
To escape religious persecution
Which colony was originally Dutch and later renamed by the English?
New York
What system controlled colonial trade so England could profit?
Mercantilism
Define indentured servant.
A person who agreed to work without pay for a set time in exchange for passage to America
Which colony was founded as a safe place for Catholics?
Maryland
What agreement did the Pilgrims sign that created self-government?
The Mayflower Compact
Who founded Pennsylvania as a safe home for Quakers?
William Penn
What were the Navigation Acts?
English laws limiting colonial trade to benefit England
What is a cash crop?
A crop grown to be sold for profit
What was the main cash crop grown in Virginia that made the colony profitable?
Tobacco
Who taught the Pilgrims how to fertilize the soil and grow food?
Squanto (Tisquantum)
What were the Middle Colonies’ most important staple crops?
Wheat, barley, and oats
What was the system transporting goods and enslaved people between Africa, the Americas, and Europe?
Triangular Trade
What is the General Court?
A Puritan form of self-government in Massachusetts
What system gave 50 acres of land to colonists who paid their way to Virginia?
The Headright System
Name one dissenter forced out of Massachusetts for challenging Puritan authority.
Roger Williams OR Anne Hutchinson OR Thomas Hooker
Which group practiced religious tolerance and opposed violence?
Quakers (Society of Friends)
What was the deadly voyage enslaved Africans were forced to endure across the Atlantic?
The Middle Passage
What did the Toleration Act of 1649 do?
Protected religious freedom for Christians in Maryland
Why did slavery grow rapidly in the Southern Colonies?
Cash crops required large amounts of labor + enslaved labor became cheaper
Why was education so important in New England?
Colonists wanted children to read the Bible; towns were required to have schools
Why were the Middle Colonies known as the “Breadbasket Colonies”?
They produced large amounts of staple grain crops
What two intellectual movements encouraged ideas of freedom and equality in the colonies?
The Great Awakening & The Enlightenment
What did the Proclamation of 1763 ban?
Settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains to avoid conflict with Native Americans