Industrialization
Factors that helped expand industry in the 1800's
cheap labor, territory expansion and finding resources, innovations in technology
Treaty that ended the Mexican War
Guadalupe Hidalgo, US gains southwest, CA, annexes TX
Carnegie; Rockefeller; Vanderbilt
Carnegie: Expanded steel empire
Rockefeller: Expanded oil empire
Vanderbilt: Expanded and connected railroads
Working conditions
low pay, unsafe and tedious work, long hours, taking work home, children working
Jim Crow Laws
laws that limit the ability of African-Americans to work, vote, move in public, gain education, marry, etc.
Early labor unions
AFL; NLU; Knights of labor
Bessemer Process
purifying iron ore to make STEEL
The Reconstruction amendments
13-Abolishes Slavery
14-Birthright citizenship, Due Process
15-Right to vote for men (incl Black men)
Ways that blacks' ability to vote was limited post-Civil War, especially in the South
literacy tests, grandfather clauses, poll taxes
increase in specialization; increased demand for natural resources; interdependence between cities and towns; increased spread and siaze of cities
Dred Scott Decision
Escaped slave living in free territory sues for his freedom; SC rules that he is "property" and therefore has no right to sue for freedom, and his owner has a right to keep him
Monopolies and Trusts
One business buying up all the competitors to eliminate competition; all businesses in an industry colluding to set prices, etc and eliminate competition
Reasons why workers formed unions
better pay/benefits; improve working conditions
36"30' Dividing line, states north are free, south are slave
Freedmen's Bereau
Federal Program to start up schools and work programs in the south after the CW, enforced by federal troops; southerners were resistant and funding ran out in just a few years