Political Acts
The Compromise of 1850 established 5 things. List as many as you can for 100 points each.
PFACT
Popular Sovereignty in the territories
Fugitive Slave Laws
Abolished the slave trade in Washington DC
California added as a free state
Texas gave up New Mexico territory for $
Define Secession
To break away from
There were many technological innovations during this time period that impacted the Civil War. List as many as you can for 100 points each.
Transportation - Railroads, steamships, and canals/waterways
Communication - Telegraph, photography, Morse code
Weapons - Rifles and Minie balls, Gatling Gun, Submarines and Torpedoes, Ironclad ships
Medicine - Ambulance Corps, Anesthesia, Triage
After emancipation, why did former slaves struggle economically?
Lack of formal education, money, or land
What was the Freedmen's Bureau and what was its goal?
1st federal relief agency in the US (increase in federal authority)
Goal: To help African Americans with the transition from slavery by providing support. Ex. medicine, education, clothing, and food
What was the Fugitive Slave Law?
Citizens of free states had to return escaped slaves to their owners. Punishments included fines/jail time
What were the two main causes of the Civil War? Think big picture
1. States' Rights
2. Expansion of Slavery
Opinions were divided on sectional lines
List at least one advantage the the North (Union) and South (Confederacy) each had during the Civil War.
North: Railroads, Factories, Population, Established Gov't & Military, and more resources.
South: Better military leaders, Defensive war, Motivation to protect their way of life and fight for state rights.
What was the KKK's goal during Reconstruction?
To intimidate African-American voting practices. They wanted to restore the Southern Democrats' power in government.
What precedent did the Supreme Court Case, Plessy v. Ferguson, establish?
Upheld Jim Crow Laws
"separate but equal" --> Segregation
What was the goal of the Missouri Compromise (1820)?
To keep the balance between free and slave states. Established the 36 30 line for states going forward.
What effect did John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry have on the US?
Seen as a hero/martyr in the North
Outraged the South
Which side of the Civil War had more railroads? What role did they play in the war?
The Union (North)
It allowed the Union to transport soldiers and resources much more easily and cheaply
There were 4 ways the southern economy changed following emancipation. List at least one.
Sharecropping - African Americans would work a farmer's land in exchange for a portion of the crops. Essentially another form of slavery.
Tenant Farming - African Americans paid rent on a farm plot and owned all of the crops they grew.
Convict Leasing - because convicts can work without pay (13th Amendment), they would be forced to work on plantations, railroads, etc.
Carpetbaggers - Northern businessmen who came to the South and took advantage of the fractured economy.
What were Black Codes and why did Southern states issue them?
Laws aimed to maintain white control over former slaves
To continue forms of slavery following emancipation.
What did the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854 establish and what did it lead to?
Led to Bleeding Kansas: a violent clash between pro and antislavery voters in Kansas.
The Republican Party was a combination of 3 different parties who agreed on one sectional issue. List at least one of the parties and the issue they agreed on.
Whigs, Northern Democrats, and Free Soilers
They were against the expansion of slavery in the territories.
Free Soilers were against slavery to protect white jobs, not for moral reasons.
Who won the election of 1860 and why was it significant?
Abraham Lincoln
Significance - He won the election without a single electoral vote from a southern state. Led to South Carolina seceding from the US.
There were many differences between Presidential Reconstruction and Congressional Reconstruction. List at least one.
Presidential- Goal was to heal the nation quickly, so there were lower requirements for Confederate states to rejoin the Union. Offered amnesty* to Confederates who swore allegiance. Did not focus on rights for former slaves (only required 13th Amendment).
Congressional- Focused on providing equal rights to former slaves (13th and 14th Amendments). Harsher on the Confederate states (martial law), required a majority of the population to swear allegiance to the US. Banned former Confederate leaders from holding public office.
The Compromise of 1877 was the result of a controversial election in 1896. List at least one thing that the North (Republicans) and South (Democrats) got in the deal.
North: Rutherford B. Hayes (R) becomes president over Samuel Tilden (D)
South: Ends Reconstruction- Southern States receive money, more power, and the removal of federal troops
List at least one example of how life for African Americans changed following the Compromise of 1877.
Less federal protections for African Americans, which leads to more discrimination and less congressional representation.
Jim Crow laws in Southern states
Indirect discrimination to keep them from voting. Ex. Literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clause
List at least one effect of the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision.
Supreme Court ruled that Scott could not sue for his freedom because he was not a citizen and did not have rights
Ruled that Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories. Went against the Missouri Compromise
Opens the door for the expansion of slavery
Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation changed the Civil War in many ways. What was at least one effect it had on the war?
Practically changed nothing because it only ended slavery in the Confederacy and they were not listening to him
Changed the moral meaning of the war because it became about slavery
Kept Britain and France from supporting the Confederacy
Increased support and enlistment from northern African Americans. Ex. 54th Massachusetts
List an accomplishment of Booker T. Washington, W.E.B DuBois and Ida Wells-Barnett Post-Reconstruction.
Booker T. Washington - established the Tuskegee Institute to teach African Americans blue collar trades
W.E.B Du Bois - cofounded the NAACP, advocated for African Americans to have a more prominent role in government
Ida Wells-Barnett - ran an anti-lynching campaign to show the discrimination against African Americans. Contributed to the Women's Suffrage movement
Explain what each of the Reconstruction Amendments extablished:
13th
14th
15th
13th - Abolished slavery
14th - Citizenship - No state can make a law that denies a citizen their natural rights without due process
15th - Voting - The right to vote cannot be denied to a citizen based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude