Mercantilism & Trans-Atlantic Trade
This economic theory motivated Great Britain to acquire colonies to gain raw materials and create guaranteed export markets
What is mercantilism?
Warm climate, fertile soil, and long growing seasons caused the economy of the Southern Colonies to depend on this primary activity.
What is agriculture (or plantation farming)?
Long cold winters and rocky soil forced New England to rely on dense forests and coastal waters for these two primary industries.
What are shipbuilding and fishing (or whaling)?
European settlers from Sweden, Holland, Germany, France, and England made this region the most ethnically diverse in British America.
What are the Mid-Atlantic (or Middle) Colonies?
Prime Minister Robert Walpole eased imperial control under this policy, allowing colonies to govern themselves and manage local budgets.
What is salutary neglect?
This forced ocean voyage brought enslaved Africans to the Americas under horrific conditions.
What is the Middle Passage?
Established in Virginia in 1607, this settlement became the first successful permanent English colony in North America.
What is Jamestown?
This colony was established in 1620 by Pilgrims to worship freely according to Puritan values.
What is Plymouth?
Distinct speech patterns and folk songs in the Appalachian backcountry were brought by immigrants from this European group.
Who are the Scots-Irish (or Scotch-Irish)?
Sweeping the colonies between the 1730s and 1770s, this religious revival emphasized trusting the heart over human reason.
What is the First Great Awakening?
In the triangular trade network, these finished products were exported directly from Europe to West Africa.
What are manufactured goods?
Founded as a haven for debtors, this Southern colony also served as a strategic buffer zone to protect South Carolina.
What is Georgia?
Founded by William Penn, this Mid-Atlantic colony maintained religious tolerance and peaceful relations with Native Americans.
What is Pennsylvania?
Along with Pennsylvania, Roger Williams' colony of Rhode Island stood out as being the most tolerant of these differences.
What are religious differences?
Famous for his sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," this New England theologian was a primary leader of the First Great Awakening.
Who is Jonathan Edwards?
Passed by Parliament, these acts required colonial trade to be shipped on British vessels through British ports to enforce mercantilism.
What are the Navigation Acts?
English colonists expanded tobacco production in Virginia by seizing land from this Native American confederacy.
Who are the Powhatans?
Natural harbors and major river networks enabled cities like New York and Philadelphia to thrive as these commercial hubs.
What are shipping ports (or trading hubs)?
Popularized across Southern plantations, the design of the "shotgun house" reflects cultural influences from this group.
Who are African slaves (or West Africans)?
The First Great Awakening emerged in large part as a spiritual response to this intellectual movement that emphasized human reason.
What is the Enlightenment?
European demand for this profitable cash crop grown in Jamestown led directly to the expansion of the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
What is tobacco?
Forced labor conditions on Southern plantations led to the development of these unique blend languages like Gullah and Creole.
What are African-influenced languages?
Written aboard ship in 1620, this document was the first written attempt to set up a framework for self-government in America.
What is the Mayflower Compact?
Increasing European demand for these products directly created a massive expansion in the demand for African slaves.
What are cash crops?
An unintended consequence of British salutary neglect was that American colonists developed a separate identity and institutions of this.
What is self-governance (or self-government)?