Meiosis
segments of DNA arranged on chromosomes
genes
trait that is most likely observed in the generation
dominant
Chromosomes that make up a pair, one from each parent
homologous chromosomes
outward expression of allele pairs, an observable trait
phenotype
The main purpose of meiosis is to produce
gametes
process where chromosome segments are exchanged in prophase I
crossing over
organism’s allele pairs
genotype
when two haploid gametes combine forming a diploid cell
fertilization
heterozygous offspring formed from the reproduction of homozygous dominant and recessive parents
hybrids
Mitosis results in diploid cells, while meiosis produces haploid cells. This is a difference in
chromosome number
type of cells are formed at the end of meiosis
gametes
states that two alleles for each trait separate during mitosis and unite during fertilization
Law of segregation
occurrence of one or more sets of chromosomes, common in commercial plants for enhanced traits
polyploidy
the random distribution of alleles during gamete formation, sorted independently during meiosis
Law of independent assortment
It increases genetic variation, which can lead to beneficial mutations
meiosis
cells have half the number of chromosomes (n)
haploid
alternative forms of a gene passed from generation to generation.
alleles
It refers to a new combination of genes from crossing over and independent assortment
genetic recombination
crossing over occurs during this phase of meiosis
prophase I
products of meiosis
four genetically unique haploid cells
cells contain two sets of chromosomes (2n)
diploid
T is dominant and t is recessive. state the homozygous genotypes.
TT and tt
shows the locations of genes on a chromosome.
chromosome map
studying how traits are passed from parents to offspring is this field of science
genetics
Gametes are formed through meiosis, where diploid cells undergo two rounds of division to produce haploid cells. Name the process
gamete formation