The LA School
This describes a phenomenon where production shifts from manufacturing to knowledge and service work, and manufacturing increasingly shifts to the Global South
Economic Restructuring
This term describes a mode of urbanization that occurs on the outskirts of cities, involves cities that are not in the global economic "core," or is done by people on the margins of society
Peripheral urbanization
Command and control
This means a way of life in cities
Urbanism
Workers and capitalists
This is a characteristic of cities that do not have a single central business district, but instead have multiple nodes that populations cluster around
Polycentricity
This is often framed as a problem because governments cannot "see" it.
Informality
This is why the term "global" is preferred to "international" in the role of cities in the global economy
Increasingly cities have influence that is not related to the nation they belong to
Money and people in global cities increasingly are not contained by national borders
These are two tenets of classical liberalism
The primacy of 1) freedom; 2) the individual; 3) private property, and 4) markets as a means to distribute goods
According to Marx, capitalism tends to produce...(name at least one thing)
Inequality, crisis, monopoly
This describes a class of worker that is part time, temporary, and usually does not have benefits like health care
This is a set of policies by powerful international financial institutions forced countries of the Global South to engage in free trade, which caused agricultural commodity prices to go down and drove mass urbanization in many countries.
Structural Adjustment Programs (SAP)
This is a critique of the global cities hypothesis
Other cities "fall off the map"
It privileges economic function over other important elements of a city
Most cities are "global" in that they are all connected to the global economy and other social processes
This is on characteristics of modernism in the urban studies and planning sense
1) seeing the city as a totality (bird's eye view); 2) Use of scientific methods to understand urban society; 3) large-scale interventions in urban space
This is one characteristic of the "postmodern turn" in urban studies
Looking at cities through the experience of marginalized groups
Uncovering systems of power that produce urban space
This describes a group of workers that are still a wage laborers, but are highly educated, highly paid, and do knowledge or administrative work.
Professional managerial class
This is a type of informal settlement that is so large that it exerts economic power in the city and is difficult to displace
Megaslum
These are two categories of workers that tend to migrate to and from global cities
service workers from the Global South and the PMC (or global elites)
This is a school of thought that sees individuals as self-interested, rational actors
neoclassical economics
This means to look at planning or planning history from the perspective of people or groups of people that are typically not included in the history of the profession
to take an 'insurgent' stance or perspective
According to the LA School theorists, Los Angeles is this type of city because it can only be understood as fragments, not as a totality
postmodern
This is a type of planning where citizens and government both contribute time, effort, and resources to building housing or infrastructure
Co-production
This is a commons spatial characteristic of global cities
High rent central cities for the elites and peripheral areas where service workers are housed.
This thinker saw racial segregation as a product of the fact that Black workers were excluded from factory jobs and therefore had had to work in service jobs similar to ones they held under slavery. This meant they had to cluster close to wealthy households.
W.E.B. Dubois
This is a "grand theory of everything" that determines how other stories are told